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When they will be ripened, their fruition will be mild or strong. This is called anubhéga bandha. Yoga or attractive power working under soul vibra- tions 1s good or bad according to good or bad activities + aa me “as — KARMAS AND THEIR FRUITS 213 of the mind, body and speech. According to strong or mild yog@ power under good and bad activities, greater or less number of karmic molecules having more : or less number of classes are attracted and bound. Thus yoga causes two kinds of bondage, class and mole- cule. When anger, pride, deceit, or greed etc. passions are strong then all the classes of karmas except age karmas have more duration; if they are mild, the dura- tion will be for smaller periods. The karmas which are bound are either good or bad. When passions are strong, there is less fruition in good karmas, while more in bad ones; but when passions are mild, there is more fruition in good karmas and less in bad ones. : As to age karma, if it is bad age karma of hell, there will be greater duration, if passions are strong ; but lesser, if they are mild; but for the good age karmas of sub-human, human, celestial, if passions are mild there will be more duration; if they are strong, duration will be for short period. Prakriti or class bondage. There are eight classes according to the nature of karmas; even these eight have got one-hundred and forty-eight sub-classes according to their different varie- ties of natures. It will be useful to know all of them. Class I.Sub-classes 5. Jndna varana karma. Knowledge—obscuring karma—It obscures the attribute 214 JAINISM AND BUDDHISM of knowledge. As knowledge is of five kinds, so their obscuring karmas are also five :— I. Mati J.—sensitive knowledge obscuring. Sruta J.—Scriptural knowledge obscuring. 2 3. Avadi J.—Visual knowledge obscuring. 4. Mana parhyaya J.—mental knowledge obscuring. 5 Kevala J.—Perfect knowledge obscuring. Class II, Sub-classes 9. Darsana varana karma or conation obscuring karma. It is of 9 kinds: = 1. Chaksu d.—ocular conation obscuring. Achaksu d.—non-ocular conation obscuring. Avadhi d.—visual conation obscuring. Kevala d.—perfect conation obscuring. Nidra—Sleep. Nidra nidra—Deep sleep. Prachala—Drowsiness. Prachala prachala—Heavy drowsiness. CS RENAAEAN Styanagriddhi—Somnambulism. Class III. Sub-classes 2. Vedaniya karma—feeling karma. It is of two kinds: 1. Sata v.—pleasure-feeling. 2. Asata v.—pain-feeling. This karma makes the soul feel pleasure or pain. Class IV. Sub-classes 28. Mohaniya karma, delu- ding karma, it deludes the right belief and conduct—it produces in the soul attachment, affection, hatred, fear etc. It is of two kinds :— KARMAS AND THRIR FRUITS 215 (1) Darsana mohaniya or right belief deluding karma, (2) Charitra mohaniya or right conduct deluding karma. Darsana mohaniya is of three kinds :— (1) Mityatva wrong belief. (2) Samyaktva clouded right-belief which produces defect in right-belief. (3) Samyakitva—mithyatva or misra—mixed right and wrong belief. Note. These three rast are dealt with in D.N. 3.33 Sangita suttanto as michhatta niyato rasi; sammatta niyato rasi ; aniyato rasi. Charitra m. is of 25 kinds— (4) to (7) Anantanubhandhi krodha, mana, maya, /6bha, error-feeding anger, pride, deceit and greed. (These passions prevent right-belief from appearing). (8) to (11) Apratyadkhyana krodha, mana, maya, l6bha, partial-vow-preventing anger, pride, deceit and greed. a (12) to (15) Pratyakhyana_ krédha, mana, maya, lébha. Total—vow preventing anger, pride, deceit and greed. (16) to (19) Sanjvalana krédha, mana, maya, lobha, perfect-conduct preventing anger, pride, deceit and greed. 216 JAINISM AND BUDDHISM (20) to (28) Hasya, risibility; Rati, indulgence ; aratt dissatisfaction ; soka, sorrow ; bhaya, fear ; Jugupsa disgust ; Stri veda, feminine inclination; Pum Veda, masculine inclination; and Napunsaka Veda neuter sex inclination. Class V. Sub-classes 4. Ayu karma, age karma. It is of four kinds: This karma is the cause for keeping the soul imprisoned in any body. (1) Naraka—hellish age. (2) Tiryancha—sub-human age. (3) Manusya—human age. (4) Deva—celestial age. Class VI. Sub-classes 93. Nama karmas, Body- making karmas. It causes formation of different kinds of bodies. It is of 93 kinds. (1) to (4) Gatt condition of existence. It is of four kinds: (1) Naraka hellish ; (2) Tiryancha sub-human ; (3) Manusya human ; (4) Deva celestial. (5) to (9) Jatt genus of beings; it is of 5 kinds (1) Ekendrtya one-sensed ; (2) Dvindriya two sensed ; (3) Tendrtya three-sensed ; (4) Choundriya four-sensed (S) Panchendriya five-sensed. (10) to (14) Sarira bodies. They are of five kinds: (1) Auddrtka physical; (2) Vatkriyaka fluid; (3) Aharaka assimilative; (4) Tatjasa electric; (5) Kér- mana karmic. | KARMAS AND THEIR FRUITS 217 (15) to (17) Angopdngo, limbs and minor limbs. They are of three kinds pertaining to 3 bodies: (1) Audarika physical. (2) Vatkriyaka fluid. (3) Aharaka assimilative. (18) Ntrmana formation of limbs ete. in relation to situation, and dimension. (19) to (23) Bandhana Bondage. It is of 5 kinds with relation to 5 bodies, physical, ete. described above. (24) to (28) Sanghéta—interfusion (interfusion of molecules). It is of 5 kinds in relation to 5 kinds of bodies. (29) to (34) Sansthana figure (of the body). It is of six kinds— (1) Sama chaturasra symmetrical. (2) Nyagrédha murt mandala—banyan tree-like (short in lower part, but larger in upper part.) (3) Svdti—Tappering like snake-hole, (broad in the lower and short in the upper part). (4) Kuwbjaka—hunch-back. (5) Vamana—dwarf. (6) Hundaka—unsymmetrical). (35) to (40) Samhanana—Skeleton. It is of S1x kinds: (1) Vajra risabha néracha samhanana adaman- tine nerves, joints and bones. (2) Vajra. ndéracha s. adamantine joints and bones. (3) Néracha s. joints and bones. (4) Ardha ndracha s. semi joints with bones. (5) Kilita s. Jointed bones. (6) Asamprapta sripattka s. Loosely jointed bones. 28 4 218 JAINISM AND BUDDHISM (41) to (48) Sparsa—touch. It is of eight kinds :— (1) Stta—cold (2) usna—hot; (3) snigdh—smooth :‘ (4) riiksa—rough; (5) komala—soft; (6) kathora— hard; (7) laghu—light ; (8) guru—heavy. (49) to (53) Rasa—taste. It is of 5 kinds :— (1) Tikta—pungent (2) katuka—bitter (3) kasaya— astringent (4) amla—acid (5) madhura—sweet. (54) and (55) Gandha smell. It is of 2 kinds:— (1) Sughanda—good smell. (2) Durgandha—bad smell. (56) to (60) Varna colour. It is of five kinds :— (1) Krisna—black. (2) Nila—blue. (3) Rakta—red. (4) Pita—yellow. (5) Sukla—white. (61) to (64) Anupurvi migratory form. It keeps the figure of soul in transmigration according to the body it leaves till it reaches the new body. It is of four kinds with reference to the four conditions of existence such as Naraka gatyanupurvi—hellish migratory form (while going to hell). (65) Aguru laghu not-heavy—light (body neither too heavy nor too light). (66) Upaghdta self-destructive (possessing a limb which destroys the self). (67) Parghéta—fatal to others (by which others are injured). (68) Atapa radiant light (which may give heat to others). (69) Udyota cold light. KARMAS AND THEIR FRUITS 219 (70) Uchchvasa respiration. (71) and (72) Vihayogata movement. It is of two kinds :— 1. Subha graceful. 2. Asubha awkward. (73) Pratyeka individual body (a body enjoyable by one being). (74) Sadharana—common body (a body enjoyable by many souls together). (75) Trasa mobile (having bodies from 2 to 5 sensed). (76) Sthavara immobile (having one-sensed bodies). (77) Subhaga auspicious. (78) Durbhaga inauspicious. (79) Suswara sweet-voiced. (80) Dusvara harsh-voiced. (81) Subha beautiful. (82) Asubha ugly. (83) Suksma, fine (uncuttable). (84) Badara gross. (85) Paryapta developable. (86) Aparyapta undevelopable. (87) Sthira steady. (88) Asthira unsteady. (89) Adeya impressive. (90) Anddeya non-impressive. 220 JAINISM AND BUDDHISM (91) Yasahkirti fame. (92) Ayasah kirti notoriety. (93) Tirthankara Great Teacher. Class VII. Sub-classes 2. Gotra karma family determining karma. It is of two kinds:—(1) Uchcha— high; (2) Nicha—low. Class VIII. Sub-classes 5. Antaraya karma, Obstructive karma. It is of five kinds: (1) Dandntaréya—charity obstructive. (2) Labhantaradya—gain obstructive. (3) Bhégantara4ya—enjoyment obstructive. (4) Upabhogantaradya—tre-enjoyment obstructive. (5) Viryantaraya—power obstructive. When karmas are bound, different sub-classes with different natures are determined according tc soul vibrations effected by different kinds of passionate thought-activities. Pradesa bandha. The number of karmic molecules of each sub-class and class is determined according to the strong or mild vibrations. Strong vibrations attract greater number of molecules, while mild vibrations less number of molecules. At a particular instant of karmic bondage, age karma will have the least number, body-making karma will have more than that of age; family determining karma will have equal proportion to body-making karma. Knowledge-obscuring karma will have more than body- KARMAS AND THEIR FRUITS 221 making karma. Conation obscuring and_ obstructive karmas will have their proportion equal to the know- ledge obscuring karma. Deluding karma _ will have more than knowledge obscuring karma; and the feel- ing karma will have the maximum number of molecules. Sthiti bandha. Duration period of karmas is of three kinds, maximum, middle and minimum. Middle duration is of many kinds. Let us give below the maximum and minimum durations of the 8 main classes :-— Name of class. Maximum. Minimum. I Knowledge obs. 30 Kotix Koti 1 antar muhurta.