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or vedana updddna; to knou sense-object is sensation-sphere or sanjna upddftm I having continual mental notions is menta- tion-sphere or ^nskara updddna ; to sustain its know- ledge IS consciousness-sphere or vijndna updddna. mm tisnsnflr, fSiTtw q awfR i mu T OT 'ife- 'nrRr/?r crar srthw m sratorar ’nftw ? 3 irR ^Inana ^ 1 snfil ^5^ sncuRnr snfir ftdai mm nr^ ajiPr^r sranror *' Jard marnancjia pajdnSH, jara marana samuda~ yancha pajdndtt, jard marana nirodhamcha pajdndti jard marana nirodJia-gdimni paH-padancha pajd-ndh- Ratamam jard maranam Yd tesam satlanam tamhi famhi satta-ntkdyajardjiranata, khandtclicham, pdlich- <dum baUtta-cJiatd, d yuno san-hd-ni, indiyd.mm partpdko, ayam vuchchata jard yam fesam tesam sattanam tamha tandta sattamkdyd chuH chavanatd bhedd antara- dhdnam, machcliu, maranam, kdia ktriyd, khandhdnam khedo, kalevarassa ntkUwpo idam vuchchate maranam. J<*ti utnwdayd jard-marana ’lamttdayo jdU nirodltd 14 106 Jainism and Buddhism jara marcma ntrodho, ayameva atthangtho maggo jarh nutrana mrodha gaimm pati padd ” “ (A nght believer' knovis old age and death, cause of old age and death, _ prevention of old age and death, means of prevention of old age and death What are old age and death ? While living in their oun bodies, to have b}' those living beings oldness, inhrmit}^ decay, white hair, 'n.nnkles in body, ripening, of sense-organs, approaching to destruction of age is called old age To be thrown off the living beings from their respective bodies, to be separated from them, their, vanishing ana)! dying, rending life-time, dissolution of the spheres, freedom from body is death Birth IS the ^ause ot old age and death Preven- tion of birth .s the preveillion of old age and death* The means of prevention ot old age and death is the afore-said eight-fold path of liberation ” (5) tniRifIr afhsfir gn^TcRi Rt 3^ 3iT% *'Jatincha pajdnati, jdH samvddyancha pajdttdit- jatt itirodhandia pajdnati, jdti-mtodha-gdtnint4>atiPa ■* ■ - r* < / fitinatt The Path of Nirvana or Liberation 107 Ya fesam tesam sattanani tamht fatiihi sattanikaye jatt sanjati ; OkkatiU, abJamviaftt, khandJidnant pdta~ bkdvo, dyatJndm patt labho, ayain vudichate Jatu bhavo-samudayd jatt samudayo, bhaia nirodhS jati nirtyVio-ayameva atthangtko inaggo jati mroSha gdmini pattpadd “ (A nght believer) knows the births the cause of oirth, prevention of birth, the means of prevention of birth To take birth of the living beings in their own respective bodies, to g^ow, to rise, to appear in spheres, to have sense*organs is birth. Becoming or condition of evistence is the cause of birth, prevention of condition of existence is the preven- tion of birth. The means of its prevention is the eight- fold path of liberation.*' (6) ti3ipin% irs/^T- 3i|(3rair Bhavaacha pajandti, bhava-samudayancha paja- ndtt, bhava-nirodhaneha pajdndtt, bhava-nirodha gdmini Pati Padamcha pajandti, tayd irte bJiaidb-kdtna bhavo, rupa bhavo, ar&pa bhavo, apdddna hamudayd bhava- ^ntudayo, updddna-mrodhd bhava ntrodho, ayameca atthangtko maggo bhava-nirodha-gdmini pad padd^ 108 Jaikisji akd Buddhism (A right believer) knon-s the condition of existence cause of condition of e'vistence, pre^'ention of condition of existence, the means of prevention of condition of existence. There are three kinds of conditions of existence: (1) sexnal enjcn’ment-condition of existence (all the conditions of sub-human, human, hellish and celestial till the state th^* have got sexual desire). (2) body-condition of existence (The sixteen Brahma lokas, where there are bodies but no sexual desire\ (3) hodi- less-^ndition of e'tistence (thej* are four where there is no gross body). Grasping is the condition of existence; pre\ention of grasping is the prevention of condition of existence. The means of prevention of condition of existence is the afore-said eight-fold path of liberation. (7) tntnndr TOpirfit 3MKW (^) ^ (^) TOHT *' Vpadaatmeha pajaadti upSdana samuiayancha pajanaH, updddna nirodhancha pajdndtt, updddita' nirodha gamini pafi 'Padamcha pajdndh updddnam diaftdro: (1) Kama (2) ditthi (3) silMdta (4) affa bate- Tanha samudayd npdddna samudayo; Tanhd nirodha tipdddna nirodho. ayameca attJangiko maggo npdddna nirodha gdmini pad padam” The Path of Xirvaka or Libcr/tioh 109 " (A nght-belie\er) knows the grasping, the cause of grasping, the prevention of grasping, the means of pre- vention of grasping. Graspings are four; (1) grasping of sense-desires (2^ grasping of speculative opinion (3) grasping in rules and rituals (4) grasping m theory of the self, (wrong view of the self taking the non-self to he the self). Desire is the cause of grasping Cessation of desire is the prevention of grasping. The means of the prciention of grasping is the eight-fold path of liberation *’ ^ (Riiiifd tnamrfk ?n>ir ^ (^) ^ (u* Tanhm cha pajdnitt , tanha samwddyaticJia pajd- ffdfi tanha ntrodhancka pajdnSH, tatiha niroiha gitmni patJamdia pajdnatt, chhaya imt iatiha (1) f2) Kdda (3) gandha (4) nzsa (5) photdui (6) dhamma '^andsamudayd tanha samudayo, vedatut-nirodhS ^f’ha^ttrodho, ayamna atfftangtko ma^o tanha Mrodha gdtnini pati padd” " right-believer) knows the desire, the cause of desire, the cessation of desire, the means of cessation of desire. There are six kinds of desires .—(1) of sedng 110 Jainism and Buddhism (4) of tasting (3) of touching (6) of menUl states Rising of feeing is the cause of desite; cessation of feeling is the cessation of desire , the means 'df the cessation of desire is the eight-fold path of liberation ' (\) (^) 5ii- (^) sn®r (y) l^i) JRt ^‘KWfsn ’JPRT ^3^ arq^R ailPi^i flRt^qsiT- qfriiRft qfeq^, " Vedanancha pajdndit, w^fond samudayaiwha pajdndu ; vedand mrodhaneha pajdndh ; vedam ntro- dha’^dimni patt padancha patdndti . chhaya tmc vedand kdya (1) chcdtkku samphassajd vedaner (21 sofa sam- piutssaja (3) ghdaa santphassaja (4) Jthvd sawphassaja (5) Kdya samphassajd (6) tnano-samphassajo. Phassa samudaya vedand samndayo, phassa mrodhd vedana nirodho, ayameva atthingiko maggo vedand ntrodha gdmim pati pada.” “ (A right believer) knows the feeling, the cause of the feeling, the cessation of the feeling and the means of the cessation of the feeling. These si\ are the feeling-spheres — (1) feeling due to contact with e)e (2) due to contact with ear (3) due to contact with nose (4) due to contact with the tongue (5) due to contact with the bod) (6) doe to contact with the The Path of Nirvana or Liberation 111 mind fitse of contact is. the cause of feeling , preven- lion of contact is the cessation of feeling, the eight-fold path IS tbe means of the cessation of feeling '* (t'l (^) ^**5^ (^) () fesr (<.) qsnr (^) ‘'Phasaancha pajdndh phassa sanwdaydncha pajd' nott; pjiassa nirodhancha pajdnStt, ^hassa nirodha- gdmm pah paddn ehe pajdndit chhaya ftne pihassa- idyd — (1) chakku samphass6 (2) acta samphasao (3) ghiita aamphasao (4) jthva aamphasao (5) kdya sam- phaasa (6) mono aamphaaao aatd yatana samiayi wvmdayo,' aalhyatana hirodho, phaasa nircdho, ^Jttwetw atthatiffko maggo phaasa^mrAdha'gatniw pati p(tdd!' '(A nght-believer) kno\i^ the contact, the cause ®f the contact, the prevention of the contact, and tbe hieans of the prevention of the contact These siv are tlte contact spheres : — (Ij contact of e}e 12) ®f ear (3) ®f nose (4) of tongue (5) of bodj and (6) of the mind ^ise of siv oijgans is the cause of contact prevention of ■itt organs is the prevention of the contact, this eight- ^®ld path IS the means of the pre\'ention of the coiltact. 112 Jainism and Bdddhism (11) qinn^ norr- gnfer ^ifeq^ <nnsn^ m ^ (0 (^) (^) 'm () (K) {%) *Rt. snre?r ^rauRR fsi^ w~ ilw 3#if^ *nnlr ^RTPRR tli^t^ISli Satayatanancha pajdndtt, satdyatana sanmdayan, ctha pajdftdtt, satdyatana mrodhaaeha paidndti, said yatana-mrodJia-gdmmpatt padamcha pajdndtt • chhaya im dyatandni —(1) chakMtu (2) sota (3) ghdna (4) jikw (5) kdya (6) mauo Ndtnardpa samidayd satdyatam sa$nudayo J9ama rupa *‘ntrodha satdyatana-mrodho- ayameva atthangiko tnaggo satdyatana-nitodha'gdmint Patt pada “ (A right believer) knows the six organs, cause oi the siK organs, cessation of six organs, means o: cessation of six organs. These six organs are — (1) eye (2) ear (3) nos( (4) tongue (5) body (6) mind. Rise of mental am material body is the cause of six organs The cessatioi of mental and material body is the prevention of sv organs, this eight-fold jath is the means of the preven tion of six organs." Note. — The Doctrine of the Buddha ly Georg Gnmm says, " By rupa he means body consisting < The Path of Nirvana or Liberation 113 inorganic matter and b}' ndma the faculty of sensation, perception, of thought, of contect, of attention and so on The meaning of ndwa nipa is that of a body capa- ble of lif^ Ndma rupa is six-sense-machine.'- Nama feaya-r-mental body Rupa kaya — ^material body.” ( 12 ) qaiR# ft ggr Tir ^ ig^ srPHOT srj W irnJir srriTOiT nifirsft “ Ndiiuz rupancha pajdndt%, ndma rupa-satnu- dayancha pajdnntt, ndma rupa ntrodhancha pajd ndtt, nama rupa nirodha'gdnum pan padancha pajd nah, vedand, sanjnd, tbetana, pfiasso, manasi-kdro, tdum vucbchate ndma , chattan mahd bhutam, chatu- nnam cha inaha bhutam upddaya rdpam, vtjndna satnudayd ndmarCipa samudayo, vtjndna ntrodhd ndma rdpa ntrodho, ayameva atthangiko inaggo ndma rdpo mrodha gdmim pan pada” “ (A right believer' knovss the ndma rupa, the cause of ndma rupa, the cessation of ndma rupa, the means of cessation of ndma rupa Feeling, perception, thought, conttet, mind-notions are called ndma. The four great elements are earth, water, fire and air.