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There had been many suitors for this lady's hand, and one of them, named /S'ata-dhanwan, in revenge for her loss, killed Satrajit and carried off the gem, but he was afterwards kiUed by 'Krishna. /SATRU-GHXA. 'Foe destroyer.' Twin-brother of Laksh- ma?za and half-brother of Rama, in whom an eighth part of the divinity of Yishwu was incarnate. His wife was ^Sruta-kirti, cousin of Sita. He fought on the side of Rama and killed the Rakshasa chief Lavawa. See Dasa-ratha and Rama. SATYA-BHAMA. Daughter of Satrajita and one of the four chief wives of Krishna. She had ten sons, Blianu, Su- bhanu, Swar-bhanu, Prabhanu, Bhanumat, Chandrabhanu, Bri- hadbhanu, Atibhanu, ^S'ribhanu, and Pratibhanu. Krishna, took her with him to Indra's heaven, and she induced him to bring away the Parijata tree. SATYA-DHii/TI. Son of >S'aradwat and grandson of the sage Gautama. According to the Yish7;u Pura^za he was father by the nymph Urvasi of Kriipa, and Kr/pi. SATYAIvI. A kinsman of Knsh?ia's, who fought on the side of the Pa?zf/avas, and was K?-zsh?ia's charioteer. He assassi- nated K?ita-varma in a drinking bout at Dwaraka, and was him- 288 SA TVA-LOKA—SA TYA-VRA TA. self cut down by the friends of his victim. He is also called Daruka and Yuyiidhana ; and ^aineya from his father, ^S^ini. SATYA-LOKA. See'Lok^i. SATYAVAX. See Savitrl. SATYA-VATL i. Daughter of Uparichara, king of Chedi, by an Apsaras named Adrika, who was condemned to hve on earth in the form of a fish. She was mother of Vyasa by the i^zshi Para,sara, and she was also wife of King /S'antanu, mother of Yichitra-virya and Chitrangada, and grandmother of the Kaur- avas and Pawt^avas, the rivals in the great war. The sage Parasara met her as she was crossing the river Yamuna when she was quite a girl, and the offspring of their illicit intercourse was brought forth on an island (dwipa) in that river, and was hence called Dwaipayana. (See Vyasa.) She was also called Gandha-kah, Gandha-vati, and Kalangani; and as her mother lived in the form of a fish, she is called Dasa-nandini, Diiseyi, Jhajhodari, and j\Iatsyodari, 'fish-born.' 2. A daughter of King Gadlii, wife of the Brahman i?ichika, mother of Jamad-agni and grandmother of Parasu-rama. She was of the Kusika race, and is said to have been transformed into the Kausiki river. See ifcichika and Yiswamitra. SATYA-YRATA. i. Xame of the seventh Manu. See Manu. 2. A king of the Solar race, descended from Ikshwaku. He was father of Haris-chandra, and is also named Yedlias and Tri- sanku. According to the Ramayawa he was a pious king, and was desirous of performing a sacrifice in virtue of which he might ascend bodily to heaven. Yasish^ha, his priest, declined to perform it, declaring it impossible. He then applied to Yasish/ha's sons, and they condemned him to become a Clia?ic?ala for his presumption. In his distress and degradation lie applied to Yiswamitra, who promised to raise him in that form to heaven. Yiswamitra's intended sacrifice was strongly resisted by the sons of Yasish/ha, but he reduced them to ashes, and condemned them to be born again as outcasts for seven hundred births. The wrathful sage bore down all other opposition, and Tri-5anku ascended to heaven. Here his entry was opposed by Indra and the gods, but Yiswamitra in a fury declared that he would create " another Indra, or the world should have no Indra at all." The gods were obliged to yield, and it was agreed that SA TYA-VRA TA—SA UBHARI. 289 Tri-<?ankii, an immortal, slioiild hang with his head downwards, and shine among some stars newly called into being by Viswa- mitra. The VisliTiu Pura/za gives a more simple version. While Satya-vrata was a Cha?i<:?ala, and the famine was raging, he suj:*- ported Yiswamitra's family by hanging deer's Jflesh on a tree on the bank of the Ganges, so that they might obtain food without the degradation of receiving it from a ChawtZala : for this charity Yiswamitra raised him to heaven. The story is differently told in the Hari-vansa. Satya-vrata or Tri-sankn, when a prince, attempted to carry off the wife of a citizen, in consequence of which his father drove him from home, nor did Yasish/ha, the family priest, endeavour to soften the father's decision. The period of his exile was a time of famine, and he greatly succoured the wife and family of Yiswamitra, who were in deep distress while the. sage was absent far away. He completed his twelve years' exile and penance, and being hungry one day, and having no flesh to eat, he killed Yasish^ha's wondrous cow, the Kama-dhenu, and ate thereof himself, and gave some to the sons of Yiswamitra. In his rage Yasish/ha gave him the name Tri-5anku, as being guilty of three great sins. Yiswamitra was gratified by the assistance which Satya- vrata had rendered to his family ; " he installed him in liis father's kingdom, . . . and, in spite of the resistance of the gods and of Yasish/ha, exalted the king alive to heaven." ^'ATYAYANA. I^ame of a Brahma?za. SATYA-YAUYAXA. A certain Yidya-dhara. SAUBHA. A magical city, apparently first mentioned in the Yajur-veda. An aerial city belonging to Haris-chandra, and according to popular belief still visible occasionally. It is called also Kha-pura, Prati-margaka, and Tranga. In the Maha-bharata an aerial or self-supporting city belonging to the Daityas, on the shore of the ocean, protected by the >Salwa king. SAUBHAPI. A devout sage, who, when he was old and emaciated, was inspired with a desire of offspring. He went to King Mandhat?"i, and demanded one of his fifty daughters. Afraid to refuse, and yet unwilling to bestow a daughter upon such a suitor, the king temporised, and endeavoured to evade the request. It was at length settled that, if any one of the T 290 SAUDASA—SAVARNA. daugliters should accept liiiii as a bridegroom, the king wouhi consent to the marriage. Saubhari was conducted to the pre- sence of the girls ; but on his way he assumed a fair and hand- some form, so that all the girls were captivated, and contended with each other as to who should become his wife. It ended by his marrying them all and taking them home. He caused Viswa-karma to build for each a separate palace, furnished in the most luxurious manner, and surrounded with exquisite gardens, where they lived a most happy life, each one of them having her husband always present with her, and believing that he was devoted to her and her only. By his wives he had a hundred and fifty sons ; but as he found his hopes and desires for them to daily increase and expand, he resolved to devote himself wholly and solely to penance and the worship of Vish7iu. Accordingly, he abandoned his cliildren and retired with his wives to the forest. See Yish7m Pura/^a. SAUDASA. Son of King Sudas. Their descendants are all Saudasas. See Kalmasha-pada. SAU]SrA]S'DA. A club shaped like a pestle, which was one of the weapons of Bala-rama. /S'AU]!!^AKA. A sage, the son of /S'unaka and grandson of Gritsa-mada. He was the author of the B?'ihad-devata, an Anu- krama^ii, and other works, and he w^as a teacher of the Atharva- veda. His pupil was Aswalayana. There was a family of the name, and the works attributed to ^S'aunaka are probably the productions of more than one j)erson. SAUKA PURAA^A. See Pura^za. SAURASHrRAS. The people of SurSshfra. SAUTI. ]^ame of the sage who repeated the Maha-bharata to the itfshis in the Naimisha forest. SAUVlRAS. A people connected with the Saindhavas or people of Sindh, and probably inhabitants of the western and southern parts of the Panjab. Cunningham says that Sauvira was the plain country. SAYARA^A, SAVARA^I. The eighth T^Ianu. The name is used either alone or in combination for all the succeeding Manus to the fourteenth and last. See Manu. SAVARYA. AVife of the sun. " The female of like appear- ance," whom Saranyu, wife of Yivaswat, substituted for herself when she fled. (See Sarawyu.) Manu was the offspring of SAVITRI—SESHA. 291 SavarTia. This is the version given in the Nirukta. In the Yish?m Pura?ia, Savarwa is daughter of the ocean, wife of Prachinabarhis, and mother of the ten Prachetasas. SAVITit/. ' Generator.' i. A name used in the Yedas for the sun. Many hymns are addressed to him, and he is some- times distinguished from that deity. 2. One of the Adityas. SAYITRI. I. The holy verse of the Veda, commonly called Gayatri. 2. A name of iS'ata-riipa, the daughter and wife of Brahma, who is sometimes regarded as a personification of the holy verse. 3.