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He and his priest Yajnawalkya are thought to have prepared the way for Buddha. JAIN'AKI. A patronymic of Sita (q.v.). JANA-LOKA. See Loka. JANAMEJAYA. A great king, w^ho was son of Parikshit, and great-grandson of Arjuna. It was to this king that the Maha-bharata was recited by Yaisampayana, and the king lis- tened to it in expiation of the sin of killing a Brahman. His father, Parikshit, died from the bite of a serpent, and Janema- jaya is said to have performed a great sacrifice of serpents (Nagas) and to have conquered the Naga people of Taksha-sila. Hence he is called Sarpa-sattrin, 'serpent-sacrificer.' There were several others of the same name. JANARDDANA. 'The adored of mankind.' A name of K?*ish?ia, but other derivations are offered, as ' extirpator of the wicked,' by Sankaracharya. JAXA-STHANA. A place in the Da?2(7aka forest where Rama sojourned for a while in his exile. JAR AS. 'Old age.' The hunter who unwittingly killed K?'ish7za. JARA-SA:N'DHA. Son of Br^had-ratha, and king of Ma- gadlia. B?-ihad-ratha had two wives, who after being long barren brought forth two halves of a boy. These abortions were re- garded with horror and thrown away. A female man-eating demon named Jara j^icked them up and put them together to carry them off On their coming in contact a boy was formed, who cried out so lustily that he brought out the king and his two queens. The RakshasI explained what had happened, re- signed the child, and retired. The father gave the boy the name of Jara-sandha, because he had been put together by Jara. Future greatness was prophesied for the boy, and he became an ardent worshipper of ^Siva. Through the favour of this god he prevailed over many kings, and he especially fought against 134 7'-^^^ T-KARU—JA TAYU. Kf ishwa, who had killed Kansa, the husband of two of Jara- sandha's daughters. He besieged ]\Xatliura, and attacked K?-ish?a eighteen times, and was as often defeated ; but K?7'sh?za was so weakened that he retired to Dwaraka. ■ Jara-sandha had many kings in captivity, and when Kr/sh?2a returned from Dwaraka, he, with Bhima and Arjuna, went to Jara-sandlia's capital for the purpose of slaying their enemy and liberating the kings. Jara-sandha refused to release the kings, and accepted the alter- native of a combat, in which he was killed by Bhima. JARAT-KARU. An ancient sage who married a sister of the great serpent Yasuki, and was father of the sage Astlka. JARITA. A certain female bird of the species called *Sarn- gika, whose story is told in the Maha-bharata. The saint Manda-pala, who returned from the shades because he had no son, assumed the form of a male bird, and by her had four sons. He then abandoned her. In the conflagration of the Kha??c?ava forest she showed great devotion in the protection of her chil- dren, and they w^ere eventually saved through the influence of Manda-pala over the god of fire. Their names were Jaritari, Saris?'ikta, Stamba-mitra, and Drowa. They were ." interpreters of the A^edas ; " and there are hymns of the i?/g-veda bearing the names of the second and third. JATASURA, A Rakshasa who disguised himself as a Brah- man and carried off Yudhi-sh/hira, Saha-deva, Nakula, and Draupadi. He was overtaken and killed by Bhima. JATA-YEDAS. A Yedic epithet for fire. " The meaning is explained in five w^ays : — (i.) Knowing all created beings ; (2.) Possessing all creatures or everything existent ; (3.) Known by created beings; (4.) Possessing vedas, riches; (5.) Possessing vedas, wisdom. Other derivations and explanations are found in the Brahma??as, but the exact sense of the word seems to have been very early lost, and of the five ex2)lanations given, only the first two would seem to be admissible for the Yedic texts. In one passage a form, Jiita-veda, seems to occur." — Williams. This form of the term, and the statement of INIanu tliat the Yedas were milked out from fire, air, and the sun, may perhaps justify the explanation, ' producer of the Yedas.' JAjf'AYU, JAjfAYUS. According to the Ramriya?ia, a bird who was son of Yish?iu's bird Garuf?a, and king of the vultures. Others say he was a son of Aru?ia. He became an ally of JA TILA—JA YAD-RA 7 ha. 135 Rama's, and he fouglit furiously against Rava7ia to prevent the carrying away of Sita. Rava?^a overpowered him and left him mortally wounded. Rama found him in time to hear his dying words, and to learn what had become of Sita. Rama and Lakshmawa performed his funeral rites to "secure his soul in the enjoyments of heaven," whitlier he ascended in a chariot of fire. In the Pura/^as he is the friend of Da^a-ratha. AVlien that king went to the ecliptic to recover Sita from ^S'ani (Saturn), his carriage was consumed by a glance from the eye of the latter, but Ja/ayu caught the falling king and saved him. The Padma Pura?i-a says Da^a-ratha assailed Saturn because of a dearth, and wdien he and his car were hurled from heaven, Ja/a3ru caught him. JATILA. A daughter of Gotama, who is mentioned in the Maha-bharata as a virtuous Avoman and the wife of seven hus- bands. JAYA-DEVA. A poet, author of the Gita-govinda (q.v.). JAYAD-RATHA. A prince of the Lunar race, son of Brdian- manas. He was king of Sindhu, and was "indifferently termed Raja of the Sindhus or Saindhavas, and Raja of the Sauviras, or sometimes in concert Sindhu-sauviras," the Saindhavas and Sauviras both being tril^es living along the Indus. Jayad-ratha married Du/i-sala, daughter of Dhr^ta-rash^ra, and was an ally of the Kauravas. AVhen the Pa?2C?avas were in exile he called at their forest abode while they were out hunting and Draupadi was at home alone. He had with him six brothers and a large retinue, but the resources of the Pa?Z6?avas were equal to the occasion, and Draupadi was able to supply five hundred deer with accompaniments for breakfast. This is explained by the statement that Yudhi-sh/hira, having w^orshipped the sun, ob- tained from that luminary an inexhaustible cauldron which was to supply all and every viand that might be required by the Pa??£i?avas in their exile. Jayad-ratha was captivated by the charms of Draupadi, and tried to induce her to elope with him. "WTien he was indignantly repulsed he carried her off by force. On the return of the PaTK^avas they pursued the ravisher, defeated his forces, and made him prisoner. His life was spared by command of Yudlii-sh/'hira, but Bhima kicked and beat him terribly, cut off his hair, and made him go before the assembled Paw<iavas and acknowledge himseK to be their slave. At the 136 JAYANTA—KA. intercession of Draupadi he was allowed to depart. He was killed, after a desperate conflict, by Arjuna on the fourteenth day of the great battle. JAYA^TA. Son of Indra, also called Jaya. JAYANTi Daughter of Indra. She is called also JayanI, Deva-sena, and TavishL JllMtJTA. A great wrestler, who was overcome and killed by Bliima at the court of Yira/a. JIMUTA-YAHANA 'Whose vehicle is the clouds.' A title of Indra. A name borne by several persons, and among them by the author of the Daya-bhaga, JISHiV'U. A name of Arjuna. JUSHKA A Turushka or Turki king, who ruled in Kash- mir and in Northern India. See Kanishka. JWALA-MUKHI. 'Mouth of fire.' A volcano. A cele- brated place of pilgrimage in the Lower Himalayas, north of the Panjab, where fire issues from the ground. According to the legend, it is the fire which Sati, the wife of /S'iva, created, and in which she burnt herself. JYAMAGHA A king of the Lunar race, proverbial as " most eminent among husbands submissive to their wives." /S^aibya, his wife, was barren, but he was afraid to take another wife till, having overcome an enemy and driven him from his country, the daughter of the vanquished king became his cap- tive. She was beautiful, and Jyamagha desired to marry her. He took her in his chariot and carried her to his palace to ask the assent of his queen. When S'aibya saw the maiden, she was filled with jealousy, and angrily demanded who the " light- hearted damsel " was. The king was disconcerted, and humbly replied, " She is the young bride of the future son whom thou shalt bring fortK" It had ceased to be with jS'aibya after the manner of women, but still she bore a son who was named Yidarbha, and married the captive j)rincess. JYOTISHA. Astronomy. One of the Yedangas. The object of this Yedanga is to fix the most auspicious days and seasons for the performance of sacrifices.