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If a Bikshu hide away the robes, or the alms-bowl, or the cushion or the needle-case of another Bikshu, so as to make fun of him, or if he cause any one else to do so, it is, etc. 59. If a Bikshu consecrate the robes of any Bikshu, Bik- shuni, Sikshamana, Samanera, or Shamini, without asking the express permission of the superior, it pachittiya. 60. If a Bikshu obtain new robes he ought to use three kinds of dye (or pollution of any sort) so as to destroy its beauty (or colour), viz., either green, or black, or earth- colour;^ if he fails to do this, it is pachittiya. 61. If a Bikshu purposely take away the life of any animal, it is pachittiya. 62. If a Bikshu drink water which he knows has insects in it, it is pachittiya. ' I take the Chinese " muh-lan" to be a form of the Sanscrit mfila, and therefore equivalent to the colour of nature or earth. SCRIPTURES FROM THE CHINESE. 227 63. If a Biksliu is wilfully angry with another Bikshu, and after a short time does not put away his resentment, it is pachittiya. 64. If a Bikshu knowing that another Bikshu has been guilty of any disgraceful or criminal act, hush it up or con- ceal it, it is, etc. 65. A man fully twenty years of age may be permitted to undertake the great precepts.^ If a Bikshu not fully twenty years old, present himself for ordination,^ this man cannot be received into orders,'' the presiding priest"* is to be blamed, ou account of the foolish mistake, and (the whole transaction) is pachittiya. 66. If a Bikshu, knowing that either of the four questions which cause difference has been settled accordiuo- to law,^ shall afterwards stir up the matter for further discussion, it is pachittiya. 67. If a Bikshu knowing there is a thievish company (a body of banditti going on an expedition) request permission to accompany it, even through the village, it is pachittiya. 68. If a Bikshu speak in this way: ^'I know with respect to the laws which Buddha preached, that the indulgence of lustful desii-es is no real impediment to their fulfilment j" then another Bikshu shall chide him and say: "Excellent sir! speak not so ! you should not thus calumniate the world- honoured one. It is not right to do so. The world-honoured one has made no such assertion, but on the contrary, in numberless ways (modes of salvation) he has said that the indulgence of lust is an impediment in the way of religious progress.^^ This protest should be repeated three times, in 1 i. e. , may be ordained. 2 " Yu" in the sense of submits himself, ^ Or the whole passage may be rendered, "if a Bikshu, not fully twenty years of age, be permitted (' yu' in the sense of ' permission') to take orders, his ordination is invalid." ■" "Tchou" is sometimes capable of this sense. Vide Jul., Monographies, p. 146. * These four causes of difference may ^xtssibly refer to 10, II, 12, 13, of the Sanghadisesa rules ; this law is wanting in the Pali. q2 228 A CATENA OF BUDDHIST case no impression is made; if, after that, the first Bikshu give up his false opinion, well; but if he does not, it is pachittiya. 69. If a Bikshu knowing a man who talks in the way- described above, who does not keep the law} and who holding such false views, refuses to forsake them, bestows upon such an one any thing in charity, has any religious communion with him," or lodges and converses with him, it is pachittiya. 70. If a Bikshu, knowing that a novice uses similar lan- guage,^ he ought to speak to him and say: "You should not use such language ! You should not calumniate the world- honoured one ! It is not right to do so; the world-honoured one never used the words you say he did. Novice ! the world- honor'd one, in numberless modes of doctrine, always said that lust is a great obstacle in the way of religion." The novice, thus corrected, refusing to amend, should be warned three times, and if after this he repent, well; but if not, he ought to be spoken to thus: "You are from this time forth no disciple of Buddha ! You may not join yourself with the other Bikshus, as the other novices do; nor is it permitted you to help the Great Bikshus during two or three nights; you are now discharged fi'om these duties; you are at liberty to go; you may go for good; you cannot remain here." If any Bikshu, knowing that the novice has been thus rejected, associate with him, or suffer him to dwell with him, it is pachittiya. 71. If a Bikshu, at a time when the other Bikshus are going through the form of religious expostulation, speak thus : " Excellent sirs ! I cannot now learn this law (or, abide by this rule). I purpose going to some one of eminent wisdom, who observes the precepts, to put some difficulties to him by way of query." This is pachittiya. If there are any explanations necessary, they ought to be sought for at once. ' " Mi" in the sense of " pou." ^ Sits witli liini in council (san<;-li;i-lvnmni:i). As in G8. SCRIPTURES FROM THE CHINESE. 229 72. If a Bikshu, when the precepts are being recited, speak in some such way as this : " Brethren ! what use is there in repeating these various and minute precepts ? each time they are repeated they cause people to feel perplexed and anxious, and engender doubts ! " To trifle with and speak contemptuously of the precepts in this way is pachittiya. 73. If a Bikshu, at the time when the precepts are being recited, speak in this manner: "Brethren! I am now getting perfect in these laws ; this book of precepts ordered to be recited bi-monthly;, is taken from the midst of the Vinaya (precept-sutra);" and if the other Bikshus, knowing that this priest has twice or thrice during the session when the precepts have been recited (spoken thus) : "How many more times are those Bikshus without knowledge and with no explanation (going to repeat these precepts) ? " If such a Bikshu has been guilty of any fault (although he refuses to answer in the public confession) still he shall be dealt with according to the law; and in addition shall be convicted of the fault of extreme ignorance (and be censured thus) : "Brother! this conduct is unprofitable, and you act im- properly! You do not attend whilst the precepts are recited; you shut your ears, and will not listen to the law." This crime of ignorance is pachittiya.^ 74. If a Bikshu, after having attended a regularly con- stituted assembly (Sangha kamraa), converse in this way with another Bikshu : "They attend to the priests' matters (or the goods of the priests) from interested motives,"^ it is pachittiya. 75. If a Bikshu, because a matter has been decided by the priests conti-ary to his wish, rise up and leave the assembly, it is pachittiya. 76. If a Bikshu, having approved of a measure, afterwards change his mind and abuse it, it is pachittiya, 77. If a Bikshu, knowing that a certain priest has had ' This translation is hazardous, and open to correction. ^ i. e., they are partial in the distribution of goods. 230 A CATENA OF BUDDHIST a quarrel with another, having listened to what this one says, goes and repeats it to the other, it is pachittiya. 78. If a Bikshu strike another in anger^ it is, etc. 79. If a Bikshu push another Bikshu in anger, it is, etc. 80. If a Bikshu, because he is angry and out of temper with another, charge him, without any foundation, of being guilty of a crime involving suspension (sanghadisesa), it is pachittiya. 81. If a Bikshu pass beyond the threshold of the royal apartments^ of a royally anointed king, before the king him- self come forth, and the women of the harem (pau) be shut up, it is pachittiya. 82. If a Bikshu pick up with his own hand a jewel, or the setting of a jewel, or if he cause some one to pick it up for him, except within the precincts of the priests' garden, or in a place of entertainment (i. e., a lodging-house), it is pachit- tiya. He may only pick up such articles in the places named, with a view to their restoration. 83. If a Bikshu, without the authority of the other priests, enter a village at an unusual hour (prohibited hour), it is pachittiya. 84. If a Bikshu make a couch or chair, the legs ought to be eight of Buddha's fingers in height, exclusive of the surplus allowed for the socket-piece.^ If they exceed this length, it is pachittiya. 85. If a Bikshu take the soft cotton of the Tiila tree, and store it up to make either a bed, or a chair, or a coverlet, or a cushion, it is pachittiya.'^ 86.