English
A passage for editorial review. 大正藏第 03 册 No. 0153 菩萨本缘经 No. 153 菩萨本缘经卷上 僧伽斯那撰 吴月支优婆塞支谦字恭明译 毗罗摩品第一 若心狭劣者， 虽多行布施， 受者不清净， 故令果报少； 若行惠施时， 福田虽不净， 能生广大心， 果报无有量。 我昔曾闻： 过去有王，名地自在，受性暴恶，好行征伐。时，有小国八万诸王，首戴宝冠常来朝侍；其王口恶，身行无善，常为非法侵陵他境。王有辅相——大婆罗门，修清净行，智人所赞，口言柔软，不宣粗恶，有所造作，能速成办，面目端严，为世所敬，四毗陀典靡不综练；诸婆罗门所有经论，通达解了无有遗余。 是时，辅相年已衰迈，遇病未久，奄尔即亡。王及人民闻其终殁，悉生懊恼，思慕难忍。时，王思念不去须臾，即为臣民而说偈言： “如何此大地， 一旦无人治， 如海无主船， 随风而东西。 我所尊敬者， 出家已成就， 口善言柔软， 常能利益世。 如何便终殁， 令我心恼闷， 犹如无灯明， 而入于闇室。” 尔时，诸臣即白王言：“唯愿大王宽意莫愁，勿谓国中更无有任为辅相者。是法婆罗门虽复命终，其子年幼聪明黠慧，颜貌端正世无及者；发言柔软悦可众心，修行忍辱心常寂静，无有憍慢贡高自大，博学多闻无书不综，利益众生犹如梵王，名毗罗摩。唯愿大王，即命此人以为辅相。” 时王答言：“彼若有子如汝说者，我从昔来所未曾闻 现代汉语译本 《菩萨本缘经》卷上 僧伽斯那 撰 吴月支优婆塞支谦字恭明 译 若心胸狭隘卑劣，即使做了很多布施，接受者若不清净，也会导致果报很少；如果行布施时，即使福田不清净，但能生起广大的心，果报也会无量。 我过去曾听闻： 过去有一位国王，名叫地自在，性情暴虐，喜欢发动战争。当时，有八万个小国的国王，头戴宝冠，经常来朝拜侍奉；这位国王言语恶劣，行为不善，经常以非法手段侵略他国领土。国王有一位辅相——大婆罗门，修行清净，为智者所称赞，言语柔和，不说粗暴恶语，做事能迅速完成，容貌端正，为世人所敬重，精通四部《吠陀》经典；所有婆罗门的经论，都通达了解，没有遗漏。 当时，辅相年事已高，生病不久，就突然去世了。国王和人民听到他去世的消息，都感到懊恼悲伤，思念难忍。当时，国王思念他片刻不离，就为臣民说了偈语： ‘如何这大地，一旦无人治理，就像没有主人的船，随风东西飘荡。我所尊敬的人，出家修行已成就，言语善良柔和，常常能利益世人。为何突然去世，令我心中烦闷，就像没有灯光，而进入黑暗的房间。’ 这时，大臣们就对国王说：‘希望大王宽心不要忧愁，不要认为国内再没有能担任辅相的人了。这位法婆罗门虽然去世了，他的儿子年纪虽小却聪明机敏，容貌端正世上无人能比；说话柔和，能使众人喜悦，修行忍辱，内心常常平静，没有骄傲自大，博学多闻，没有不精通的书籍，利益众生就像梵天一样，名叫毗罗摩。希望大王，立即任命此人担任辅相。’ 当时国王回答说：‘如果他有儿子像你们说的那样，我从前就从未听说过。’ English version The Sutra of the Bodhisattva's Past Lives, Volume 1 Composed by Sanghasena Translated by Upasaka Zhi Qian of Yuezhi, with the courtesy name Gongming, of the Wu Dynasty Chapter 1: Vīrama If the mind is narrow and inferior, even if one performs many acts of charity, if the recipient is not pure, the resulting karmic reward will be small; if one practices giving with a vast mind, even if the field of merit is not pure, the karmic reward will be immeasurable. I once heard: In the past, there was a king named Earth Sovereign, who was violent and fond of warfare. At that time, there were eighty thousand kings of small countries, wearing jeweled crowns, who regularly came to pay homage and serve him. This king was foul-mouthed and did not act virtuously, often invading other territories by illegal means. The king had a minister—a great Brahmin—who practiced pure conduct, was praised by the wise, spoke softly, did not utter harsh words, was able to accomplish tasks quickly, had a dignified appearance, was respected by the world, and was well-versed in the four Vedas; he understood all the Brahmin scriptures and treatises without any omissions. At that time, the minister was old and, after a brief illness, suddenly passed away. The king and the people, upon hearing of his death, were all distressed and grieved, finding their longing unbearable. The king, thinking of him constantly, spoke the following verses to his ministers and people: 'How can this great earth, once without a ruler, be like a ship without a captain, drifting east and west with the wind? The one I respected, who had left home and attained enlightenment, spoke kindly and softly, and always benefited the world. Why did he suddenly pass away, causing my heart to be troubled, like entering a dark room without a lamp?' At that time, the ministers said to the king, 'May Your Majesty be at ease and not worry, do not think that there is no one else in the country who can serve as minister. Although this Dharma Brahmin has passed away, his son is young but intelligent and clever, with a dignified appearance that is unmatched in the world; he speaks softly, pleasing everyone, practices patience, his mind is always calm, he is without arrogance or pride, is learned and knowledgeable, and there is no book he does not understand, benefiting all beings like Brahma, and his name is Vīrama. May Your Majesty immediately appoint this person as minister.' The king then replied, 'If he has a son as you describe, I have never heard of it before.' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 。” 臣复言：“大王！是婆罗门子常求正法离于邪法，爱护己法未能为人。” 王即答言：“子若是才人，何得违毁先人家法，若离先业则不得名求正法者，是人先父常以正法佐吾治国，能令吾等远离众恶，虽作如是治国治务，终不破失婆罗门法，如其彼人如汝说者，便可召来。” 诸臣奉命，即遣使者，召毗罗摩，将诣王所。到已就坐，敛容而踞，说如是言：“大王！今日以何因缘而见顾命？” 王即答言：“汝不知耶！我之薄祐，汝父辅相不幸薨殒，大地倾丧人民扰动，我为之忧，其心迷闷。” 时，毗罗摩即白王言：“夫爱别离非王独有如此，皆是有为法相也。大王昔来不曾闻耶！若天、龙、鬼神、阿修罗、乾闼婆、迦楼罗、紧那罗、摩睺罗伽、沙门、婆罗门，若老若少，悉无得离是终殁者。大王！一切众生决定有之。大王！譬如火性悉能烧然一切之物，无常之法亦复如是，悉能坏灭一切众生。王不知耶！是老、病、死，能丧众生，如四衢道头华果之树，常为多人之所抖擞。大王！譬如駃河常流不停，众生寿命亦复如是；大王！如金翅鸟投龙宫中，搏撮诸龙而食啖之；亦如师子在獐鹿群威猛；一切众生在三界中流回，死法亦复如是。大王！如是死法，非以亲近财货求赎软言诱恤而可得脱，亦不可以四兵威力逼迫御之，令其退散，如是死法决定而有，是众生常法。以是义故，大王于此不应生忧。” 时，王闻已心生欢喜，复向诸臣说如是言：“未曾有也，如是童子，年虽幼稚乃说先宿耆旧之言 臣子又说：‘大王！这个婆罗门之子常常寻求正法，远离邪法，爱护自己的法门，不能为他人所用。’ 国王立即回答说：‘如果这孩子是个人才，怎么能违背毁坏先人的家法呢？如果离开先人的事业，就不能称作是寻求正法的人。这个人（毗罗摩）的父亲常常用正法辅佐我治理国家，能使我们远离各种罪恶。虽然他这样做来治理国家事务，最终也没有破坏婆罗门的法。如果他像你们说的那样，就可以把他召来。’ 各位大臣接受命令，立即派遣使者，召来毗罗摩，带到国王那里。他到了之后就坐下，收敛容貌端坐着，这样说道：‘大王！今天因为什么缘故而召见我呢？’ 国王立即回答说：‘你不知道吗！我福薄命浅，你的父亲辅佐我，不幸去世了，大地倾覆，人民动荡，我为此忧愁，内心迷茫。’ 当时，毗罗摩就对国王说：‘爱别离的痛苦不是大王您独有的，这都是有为法的现象啊。大王您以前没有听说过吗！无论是天、龙、鬼神、阿修罗、乾闼婆、迦楼罗、紧那罗、摩睺罗伽、沙门、婆罗门，无论是年老还是年少，都不能逃脱最终的死亡。大王！一切众生都必定会经历死亡。大王！譬如火的本性能够燃烧一切东西，无常的法则也是这样，能够毁灭一切众生。大王您不知道吗！衰老、疾病、死亡，能够夺走众生的生命，就像四通八达的路口，开花的果树，常常被很多人摇晃。大王！譬如奔流的河流不停地流动，众生的寿命也是这样；大王！就像金翅鸟飞入龙宫，捕捉吞食各种龙；也像狮子在獐鹿群中威猛无比；一切众生在三界中轮回，死亡的法则也是这样。大王！像这样的死亡法则，不是用亲近的财物求赎，用软言安慰就可以逃脱的，也不是用四种兵器的威力逼迫抵御，让它退散的，像这样的死亡法则必定存在，是众生的常法。因为这个道理，大王您不应该为此忧愁。’ 当时，国王听了之后，内心感到欢喜，又对各位大臣说：‘真是前所未有啊，这样的孩子，年纪虽然幼小，却能说出先辈耆老的话。’ The minister further said, 'Your Majesty! This Brahmin's son constantly seeks the true Dharma, stays away from evil practices, cherishes his own Dharma, and is unable to serve others.' The king immediately replied, 'If this child is talented, how can he violate and destroy the ancestral family laws? If he abandons his ancestors' work, he cannot be called a seeker of the true Dharma. This person's (Viram's) father often assisted me in governing the country with the true Dharma, enabling us to stay away from all kinds of evils. Although he did this to manage state affairs, he ultimately did not violate the Brahmin's Dharma. If he is as you say, then he can be summoned.' The ministers accepted the order and immediately sent a messenger to summon Viram and bring him to the king. After he arrived, he sat down, composed his appearance, and said, 'Your Majesty! For what reason have you summoned me today?' The king immediately replied, 'Don't you know? My blessings are thin, your father, who assisted me, unfortunately passed away, the earth has collapsed, and the people are in turmoil. I am worried about this, and my heart is confused.' At that time, Viram said to the king, 'The pain of separation is not unique to Your Majesty; these are all phenomena of conditioned existence. Has Your Majesty not heard before? Whether it is gods, dragons, ghosts, asuras, gandharvas, garudas, kinnaras, mahoragas, shramanas, or Brahmins, whether old or young, none can escape ultimate death. Your Majesty! All living beings are destined to experience death. Your Majesty! Just as the nature of fire can burn everything, the law of impermanence is also like this, capable of destroying all living beings. Does Your Majesty not know? Old age, sickness, and death can take away the lives of living beings, like flowering fruit trees at the crossroads, often shaken by many people. Your Majesty! Like a rushing river that flows without stopping, the lifespan of living beings is also like this; Your Majesty! Like a garuda bird flying into the dragon palace, capturing and devouring various dragons; also like a lion being mighty among a herd of deer; all living beings revolve in the three realms, and the law of death is also like this. Your Majesty! Such a law of death cannot be escaped by seeking redemption with cherished possessions, or by comforting with soft words, nor can it be resisted by the power of the four kinds of armies, forcing it to retreat. Such a law of death is certain and is the constant law of living beings. For this reason, Your Majesty should not be worried about this.' At that time, after hearing this, the king felt joy in his heart and said to the ministers, 'It is unprecedented, such a child, although young in age, can speak the words of the elders.' 。”时，王即语毗罗摩言：“汝不知耶！汝之先父爱护于吾犹如赤子，是故我今感其恩重，忧愁迷闷；吾今轻弱顽嚚无智，如汝所说吾永无分，汝今若见垂顾矜哀，愿先承嗣纂继家业，我当诚心尽寿归依。” 时，毗罗摩即作是念：“我今如何一旦对至，今闻此言莫知所作，犹如羸人步涉高山。”复作是念：“今者，承嗣毗辅国政，于诸人民虽多利益，然我所修纯善之法则为亏损。君治国土称万姓心，当有无量诸过患事，所谓刑罚，劫夺他财威陵天下，或摈或驱，要当随王行如是法，若行正法，我善则损；今我若故修行善法，则不上称大王圣怀，若称王法，善法日衰。” 作是念时，王复白言：“大师今日何所思虑？” 时，毗罗摩即答王言：“我今所念，当以何术令王身及国人民悉得利益无诸衰耗，亦复思惟王与国人福德过患，若先行善后行于恶，则不名人。大王！宁为实语，而作怨憎；不为谄言，而作亲厚；宁说正法，堕于地狱；不说邪谄，生于天上。大王！我今思惟筹量是事。大王！若有人能思惟是义，当知是人则能利益一切众生。” 王闻是语，心生欢喜，复作是言：“大师！我等若能如是行法，所修善法，则为不损。” 时，毗罗摩即奉王命纂承先父辅相之业，然后渐渐劝化，是王及八万四千小王修持正法；亦令其国所有人民，背舍远恶，不贪五欲。时王修行无量善法，如毗罗摩等无差别也。时毗罗摩见王如是，心生欢喜而作是言：“我今已为修治国土，然我善法无所衰损 现代汉语译本：这时，国王对毗罗摩说：‘你不知道吗！你的父亲爱护我如同爱护自己的孩子，因此我如今感念他的恩情深重，忧愁迷茫；我如今轻率软弱、愚钝无知，正如你所说，我永远没有资格继承王位。你如果能垂怜我，希望你先继承家业，我将诚心尽力终身归顺于你。’ 这时，毗罗摩心中想：‘我如今如何能立刻答应呢？现在听到这些话，不知该如何是好，就像一个虚弱的人要攀登高山一样。’他又想：‘如今，如果我继承王位辅佐国政，虽然对人民有很多好处，但我所修行的纯善法则就会有所亏损。君王治理国家要顺应万民的心意，必然会有无数的过患，比如刑罚、抢夺他人财产、威压天下，或者放逐或者驱赶，我必须跟随国王施行这样的法令。如果我施行正法，我的善行就会受损；如果我坚持修行善法，就不能符合大王的心意；如果顺应王法，善法就会日益衰退。’ 当他这样想的时候，国王又问：‘大师，你今天在思考什么呢？’ 这时，毗罗摩回答国王说：‘我正在思考，用什么方法才能使国王和国家人民都得到利益而没有衰败，也在思考国王和人民的福德和过患。如果先做善事后做恶事，就不能称之为好人。大王！宁可说实话而招致怨恨，也不要说谄媚的话而获得亲近；宁可说正法而堕入地狱，也不要说邪恶的谄媚之言而生于天上。大王！我正在思考衡量这些事情。大王！如果有人能够思考这些道理，应当知道这个人就能利益一切众生。’ 国王听了这些话，心中欢喜，又说：‘大师！如果我们能够这样奉行正法，我们所修的善法就不会有所亏损。’ 这时，毗罗摩就接受了国王的命令，继承了他父亲的辅相之职，然后渐渐劝化国王和八万四千小王修行正法；也让他的国家所有人民，背离邪恶，不贪恋五欲。当时国王修行了无量的善法，和毗罗摩一样没有差别。这时，毗罗摩看到国王这样，心中欢喜，说道：‘我如今已经治理好了国家，而我的善法也没有任何衰减。’ English version: Then, the king said to Pi-lo-mo: 'Don't you know? Your father cherished me as if I were his own child. Therefore, I am now deeply grateful for his kindness, and I am troubled and confused. I am now frivolous, weak, foolish, and ignorant. As you said, I will never be qualified to inherit the throne. If you can have compassion on me, I hope you will first inherit the family business, and I will sincerely and wholeheartedly submit to you for the rest of my life.' At this time, Pi-lo-mo thought in his heart: 'How can I agree immediately?