English
That which is of different gender, etc., the word "ādi" includes deficiency of different number, excess, etc. Ho, the word "tu" is meaning-illuminating, meaning "however." It agitates, does not please, the wise, the intelligent; this difference in gender, etc., is sufficient, capable of causing fault in simile, not everywhere, but in certain places. He cites, "As that." 205. In the example to be shown, of a faulty figure of speech, unmentioned at the end of the discussion of faults: "That is a faulty figure, where there is a fault in the figure; In the specification of that figure, its form will become manifest." Now, according to the promise made, he says, "agitates," etc., to show it. That difference in gender, etc., which will be spoken of, that difference in gender, speech, etc., agitates, generates unease in the wise, the intelligent poet, thinking, "It should be said thus"; this difference in gender, etc., is sufficient, capable of destroying the simile, in certain places, other than the subject matter to be spoken of, such as "This woman goes." He cites, "As that." Different, dissimilar, and that gender, and that which is the beginning of it, dissimilar speech, etc., and the fault of simile, is the sentence. 206. Like a goose this moon, Different in gender, like arrows the sky; Degraded by dissimilar speech, Like a dog the servant, the master. 206. "Like a goose," this moon, like a goose, similar to a goose. Different in gender, simile with different gender. "Like arrows the sky," simile with dissimilar speech. "The servant, the master, like a dog," degraded, degraded simile, due to the inferior species, etc., of the dog being compared to the superior. 206. "Like a goose," etc. This moon is like a goose, like a female goose. Such a simile is different in gender, because of the different gender from the object of comparison, it is called simile with different gender. "Like arrows the sky," this is dissimilar speech, because of the dissimilar speech with the object of comparison, it is called simile with dissimilar speech. "The servant, the master, like a dog," this is degraded, because of the comparison of the superior man with the inferior dog, it is called degraded simile. It should not be. Because it has a different gender, and because it has various kinds of nature, and because its word is of a different kind, so is the simile. 207. Like a firefly the sun shines, This is an excessive simile; The army ocean, with unclear meaning, Is agitated like the sea. 207. "Khajjoto" etc. Like a firefly, the sun shines, this is an excessive simile, because the inferior is compared to the superior. The army ocean, the sea of the army, is agitated like the sea, this is a simile with unclear meaning, because the greatness of the army is understood by the metaphor "army ocean," and then by the simile "like the sea," the specific meaning is not clear. 207. "Khajjoto" etc. "Like a firefly, the sun shines," this is an excessive simile, because it is a simile with an excessive comparison. "The army ocean, the sea of the army, is agitated like the sea," this is a simile with unclear meaning, because the greatness of the army is understood by the hidden simile "army ocean," therefore, because there is no meaning to be touched by the simile "like the sea," it is called a simile with unclear meaning. Because it has an unclear meaning, and the sentence is "the army is like the ocean." 208. A stain on the moon is like a bee, This is a simile that needs another; The moon, with its stain, Is like a broken lotus. 208. "Cande" etc. The stain is like a bee, this is a simile that needs another simile, because the simile "on the moon, like a cluster of flowers" is expected, because a bee is not possible on the moon, but it is possible on a cluster of flowers, so this simile needs another simile. The moon with its stain, the moon with its mark, is like a lotus, this is a broken simile, because to establish the inner brokenness of the lotus, it should be said "like a lotus with a bee." 208. "Cande" etc. "A stain on the moon is like a bee," this is a simile that needs another, because it needs the cluster of flowers etc. that are the similes of the moon, so it is called a simile that needs another. Because there is no possibility of a bee on the moon, and because the cluster of flowers etc. that are its objects are not mentioned as similes of the moon. Meaning, "is corrupt." The moon, the night-maker, is stained, bearing a blemish, shaped like a keravaka bird, resembling a lotus. This is a broken simile, for to express the darkness in the moon, it should be said, "shaped like a dark keravaka bird." Because the comparison to a dark bird is broken, it is called a broken simile. The sentence means: it expects a simile, or it has gone away broken, or it is joined with brokenness, or it has the shape of a keravaka bird, or it exists with a blemish. 209. In such forms as these, They become without regard; But the wise do regard, In some applications only. 209. He concludes what has been said with "in such." In forms, in applications. They become without regard, without respect. Is it that different genders and the like are always to be disregarded, or not always? To show that there is also acceptance, he says "but the wise." In some applications only, the wise poets do regard. The "ca" particle gathers another meaning to be stated. 209. "In such" and so on. Thus, in applications of such forms as those mentioned after this, the wise become without regard. These same wise ones do regard different genders and the like in some applications only. Thus, this kind is the beginning of those, and those are the forms, and the separation is "those whose regard is gone." The "ca" particle is for the collection of another sentence. Therefore, by being without regard, the making of another regard draws in the continuous story to be told. 210. This person goes like a woman, This one speaks like a man; This one is dear to me as life, Knowledge is accumulated like wealth. 210. He illustrates with "this woman" and so on. This person goes like a woman, following her actions. This woman speaks like a man, due to the boldness of such a one. Here there is a difference of gender between the simile and the compared. This desired one is dear to me as life, knowledge, grammar, and the like are accumulated like wealth, due to the difference in expression. 210. Now he shows the subject to be taken regarding different genders with "this person goes like a woman" and so on. Like a woman, the man walks with unsteady gait, Like a man, the woman speaks, possessing such boldness. Here, even with gender differences between the two similes, Poets pay attention. This man is dear to me, Like my life, like my breath. Accumulated, collected knowledge, Grammar, lexicon, etc., are like wealth. Here, even with differences in the utterance of simile and object of comparison, it is pleasing. 211. Like you, O king, The king of gods shines; He is able to ascend To the realm of the sun with his splendor. 211. He speaks of an example of inferior and superior with joy, beginning with "Like you." "O king" is a vocative, "Like you, the king of gods shines." Thus, it can be with the inferior. In such a suitable context, differences in gender and number do not mar the simile. 211. "Like you," etc. O king, the king of gods, Sakka, shines like you. Here, even with the inferiority of "like you" in relation to Sakka, it is pleasing. This king is able to ascend, to attain with his splendor, the realm, the position of the sun. Here, even with the sun being superior in splendor, it is pleasing as a simile, "to ascend to the realm" is synonymous with the word "like." Such a simile with differing genders, etc., does not mar the simile. 212. The determination of non-difference Between simile and object of comparison; A simile with hidden difference Is called a metaphor. 212. He defines metaphor beginning with "simile." The determination of non-difference, the absence of distinction, of simile and object of comparison as previously stated, by superimposition, shapes, shows the non-difference of simile and object of comparison, therefore it is called metaphor. A simile with hidden, unmanifest difference, distinction, due to the superimposition of non-difference between simile and object of comparison, is called metaphor, "metaphor." In "lotus-foot," the foot itself, being similar to a lotus, is superimposed as a lotus. Thus, of the lotus-feet, which are simile and object of comparison, the... Even with the similarity between the object of comparison and the standard of comparison, established by superimposition, the difference is present but hidden. Not revealed, like "the foot is like a lotus." That comparison, it is said, approaches non-difference between the object of comparison and the standard of comparison, and is called a metaphor, that is the intention. 212. Now, in the order mentioned, he shows the metaphor figure of speech, beginning with "upamāno." The non-difference of the object of comparison and the standard of comparison, of the object of comparison and the standard of comparison mentioned immediately before, even though there is difference by nature, based on the manifest similarity, the determination of non-difference conceived by speakers as "this is that, that is this," based on the imposition in the mind on the meanings of the object of comparison and the standard of comparison, with the difference hidden, without such obvious distinctness as "the foot is like a lotus," but with the difference hidden as "foot-lotus," the comparison itself, the similarity of the meanings of the words, that comparison itself is called a metaphor. Based on the manifest similarity, the object of comparison and the standard of comparison are grasped as non-different. By the very grasping of their non-difference,