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becomes 'ṭe' optionally. Ise, isayo, isī. The rest is like 'muni'. Ādi, ādayo, etc. In 'smimhi' – 55. 'Ṭo' for 'smim' from 'rati' and others From 'rati' and others, 'smim' becomes 'ṭo' optionally. Ādo, ādimhi, ādismiṃ, ādīsu. In compounds, from an 'i'-ending word, there is a special rule for 'yo' and 'smim'. 182. From 'i' in other meanings, in masculine From an 'i'-ending noun existing in other meanings, 'yo's become 'no' and 'ne' optionally, in order, in the masculine gender. Ariyavuttino, ariyavuttayo, ariyavuttī. Bho ariyavutti, ariyavuttī, ariyavuttino, ariyavuttayo, ariyavuttī. Ariyavuttiṃ, ariyavuttino, ariyavuttayo, ariyavuttī. Ariyavuttinā, etc., is like the word 'muni'. 183. 'Ne' for 'smim' sometimes From an 'i'-ending noun in other meanings, 'smim' becomes 'ne' optionally, sometimes. Ariyavuttine, ariyavuttimhi, ariyavuttismiṃ, ariyavuttīsu. Thus, 'tomaraṅkusapāṇino', 'sāramatino', etc. Due to the word 'sometimes', the 'ne' substitution is not everywhere. 'I'-ending. Daṇḍī. 'Si' is dropped. Though shortening would occur by "in the singular" etc., because it is not neuter, there is a prohibition by "for non-neuter 'si' and 'smim'". In 'yo' and in the singular, shortening occurs everywhere. 75. For 'yo', 'no' and 'ne' in masculine From a 'jha'-marked word, 'yo's become 'no' and 'ne' optionally, in order, in the masculine gender. 115. From 'jantu', 'hetu', 'ī', 'gha', 'pa', optionally Following 'jantu', 'hetu', 'ī'-ending words, and 'gha' and 'pa'-marked words, 'yo's are optionally dropped. With lengthening by "lengthening in 'yo' dropping", Daṇḍī, daṇḍiyo. But in 'ge', shortening is optional by "in 'ge' optionally". Bho daṇḍi, daṇḍī, daṇḍino, daṇḍī, daṇḍiyo. 74. 'Naṃ' from 'jha' From a 'jha'-marked word, 'aṃ' (accusative singular) becomes 'naṃ' optionally. Daṇḍinaṃ, daṇḍiṃ, daṇḍine. 76. 'No' From a 'jha'-marked word, 'yo's become 'no' optionally, in the masculine gender. Daṇḍino, daṇḍī, daṇḍiyo. Daṇḍinā, daṇḍīhi, daṇḍ Regarding "Jhalā sassa no," when 'no' is made, of the staff-bearer, of the staff, of the staff-bearers. Regarding "Nā smāssā," 'smā' becomes 'nā', by the staff-bearer, from the staff-bearer, from the staff-bearer. 77. Smino ni Of the 'smiṃ' ending, 'ni' occurs optionally. In the staff-bearer, in the staff-bearer, in the staff-bearers. Due to the general rule, the non-occurrence of the 'ni' substitute for 'smiṃ' in words like village head, general, wise person, is a special case. Thus – Righteous, Sangha member, wise, elephant; Discus-bearer, bird, tusked, ruler; Umbrella-bearer, garland-wearer, leather-worker, yogi; Participant, enjoyer, desirous, master. Banner-bearer, group leader, moon, leper; Matted-haired, vehicle-owner, happy, peacock; Elephant, minister, doer, generous; Skillful, club-bearer, strong; (Speaker, form) Evil-doer, killer of beings, Garland-maker, long-lived; Speaker of Dhamma, lion-roarer, Lying on the ground, swift-goer. Ending in 'ī'. Monk, 'si' deletion. In the 'la' designation – 83. Lā yonaṃ vo pume From 'la', 'yo' becomes 'vo' optionally in the masculine gender. 94. Ve+vosu lussa Of the 'u' of the 'la' designation, 'ṭa' occurs in 've' and 'vo'. Here, in "pumālapane vevo" (in vocative masculine, 've' and 'vo'), due to the principle of association, 'vo' is taken as not dependent on the 'vo' in "lā yonaṃ" etc., but as a generic 'vo'. O monks! Elsewhere, "lopo" means deletion of 'yo'. "Yolopanisu dīgho" (lengthening in 'yo' deletion) results in 'bhikkhū'. O monk, O monks! 96. Pumā+lapane vevo From the 'u' of the 'la' designation, 'yo' in the vocative becomes 've' and 'vo' optionally in the masculine gender. O monks, O monks, O monks! Monk, O monks, O monks! By the monk, by the monks, by the monks! Regarding "Jhalā sassa no," from 'la', 'sa' becomes 'no' optionally, of the monk, of the monk, of the monks. Regarding "Nā smāssā," from 'la', 'smā' becomes 'nā' optionally, by the monk, from the monk, from the monk. In the monk, in the monk. Thus – Bridge, banner, Rahu, sun, Dart, sugarcane, bamboo, death. (Lame, form) River, relative, Mount Neru, Mount Meru, Enemy, artisan, cause, creature. Deer, clever – etcetera. This is the difference in 'yo' for 'jantu' and 'hetu'. In the deletion of 'yo' by "Jantu+hetvī+gha+pehi vā" – 84. Jantvādito no ca From 'jantu' etc., 'yo' becomes 'no' and 'vo' in the masculine gender. Of the creature, of the creature, of the creature. O creature, O creatures, of the creature, "pumālapane vevo" "O creature, O creatures, O creatures! Creature, creatures, creatures, creatures, creatures. The rest is like 'bhikkhu'. Cause, causes, causes. "By 'yomhi vā kvacī'," the 'u' of 'lasañña' optionally becomes 'ṭā', hence 'hetayo'. Because of its internal nature, when 'ṭā' substitution is done first, there is no subsequent elision of 'yo', for indeed, among internal and external rules, the internal rule is stronger. Here, that which depends on the base is internal, that which depends on the suffix is external. Causes. O cause, O causes, O causes, O causes, O causes, O causes! The rest is like the former. From 'bahu' in the 'naṃ' case – 48. Bahukatinnaṃ In the 'naṃ' case, 'bahu' and 'kati' become 'nuka' in all three genders. Of many. The rest is like 'bhikkhu'. 'Vattu' in the 'si' case, 57. Ltu+pitādīna+mā simhi For words ending in the 'ltu' suffix, and for 'pitu', 'mātu', 'bhātu', 'dhītu', 'duhitu', 'jāmātu', 'nattu', 'hotu', 'potu', 'ā' occurs in the 'si' case. Speaker. Because the 'ltu' suffix, prescribed by 'kattari ltu+ṇakā', is indeed prescribed from a root, by the maxim "when a suffix is taken, that from which it is prescribed, its beginning and its end are taken", due to its inseparability, the root ending in it is also taken, thus it is said "for words ending in the 'ltu' suffix". 162. Ltu+pitādīna+ma se For words ending in 'ltu' suffix and for 'pitu' and so on, 'āraṅa' occurs, except for 'sa'. By "āraṅasmā", 'ṭo' occurs, hence 'vattāro'. 58. Ge a ca For 'ltu' suffix words and 'pitu' and so on, 'a' and 'ā' occur in the 'ge' case. O speaker, O speaker, O speakers! Speaker, speakers, speakers. For the 'nā' case, by "ṭā nāsmānaṃ", 'ṭā' occurs, hence 'vattārā'. 166. Su+hisvā+raṅa In 'su' and 'hi' cases, 'āraṅa' optionally occurs for 'ltu' suffix words and 'pitu' and so on. By speakers, by speakers, by speakers, by speakers. 165. Salopo For 'ltu' suffix words and 'pitu' and so on, 'sa' optionally undergoes elision. Of the speaker, of the speaker, of the speaker. 163. Naṃmhi vā In the 'naṃ' case, 'āraṅa' optionally occurs for 'ltu' suffix words and 'pitu' and so on. Of the speakers. 164. Ā In the 'naṃ' case, 'ā' optionally occurs for 'ltu' suffix words and 'pitu' and so on. Of the speakers, of the speakers. For 'smā', 'ṭā' occurs, hence 'vattārā'. 174. Ṭi smino After 'ārava' substitution, 'ṭi' occurs for 'smi'. 176. Rassā+raṅa In the 'smi' case, 'āra' becomes short. In the speaker, in the speakers, in the speakers, in the speakers. Thus – Thus 'bhattu' (husband), 'kattu' (doer). To lead, to hear, to know, to conquer, to cut; To break, to give, to hold, to understand, and to make known, etc. As for the word Satthu (teacher), in the nominative singular, due to the frequent occurrence of "ltu+pitādīna+mase" or "āravādese", it becomes satthārā, satthunā. The rest is like Vattu (speaker). In the nominative singular, it is "ā", Pitā (father). By "ltu+pitādīna+mase", in the "āravādese" rule – 177. Of Pitādī (father, etc.) and Anatvādī (not ending in -atva, etc.) For Pitādī, excluding those ending in -atva, etc., the "āra" becomes short in all cases. "Ltu+pitādīna+mase", "su+hisvā+raṅa", "naṃmhi vā" – it is said "in all cases" because the "āraṅa" occurs when these mentioned case endings follow. Pitaro. Bho pita, pitā, pitaro. Pitaraṃ, pitare, pitaro. Pitarā, pitarehi, pitarebhi, pitūhi, pitūbhi. Pitu, pituno, pitussa, pitarānaṃ, pitūnaṃ. "Pitunnaṃ" – it is said that in the genitive plural, there is lengthening and doubling of the short vowel. By the rule "Sānuvuttaṃ suttaṃ" (a rule followed by a rule), "bahukatinnaṃ" is also formed by the division of "nuka-iti" in this context where "naṃmhi" is followed. The fifth and sixth cases are like the third and fourth. Pitari, pitaresu, pītūsu, without shortening. Nattā, nattāro. Bho natta, nattā, nattāro, etc., are like Vattu. Guṇavantu (virtuous) in the nominative singular, 151. Of Ntu In the nominative singular, "ntu" becomes "ṭā". Guṇavā. In the nominative plural, by "ntantūnaṃ nto yomhi paṭhame", the "ntu" of the inflected word becomes "nto". And here, by the definition "ntu vantu+mantā+vantu+tavantusambandhī" (ntu is related to vantu, mantu, vantu, tavantu), only "ntu" related to "vantu" etc. is taken, not "jantu", "tanta", etc. Guṇavanto. Elsewhere – 91. Of Ntu before "yvādi" Before "yoādi", "ntu" becomes "a". Guṇavantā, the "ṭā+ṭeādesā" (substitutions) of the "akāranta" (ending in "a") occur, Guṇavantā. By "Ṭaṭāaṃ ge", "ṭādayo" (substitutions like ṭa) occur, Bho guṇava, guṇavā, guṇavaṃ, guṇavanto, guṇavantā. By "Ntassa ca ṭa vaṃ+se", "ntu" becomes "ṭo" or "vaṃ" in the accusative singular, Guṇavaṃ, guṇavantaṃ, guṇavante. By "To+tā+ti+tā sa+smā+smiṃ+nāsū", "tāādayo" (substitutions like tā) occur, Guṇavatā, guṇavantena, guṇavantehi, guṇavantebhi. "Lakkhaṇikapaṭipadottesu paṭipadottasseva gahaṇaṃ, na lakkhaṇikassā" (Among those formed by rule and those formed by derivation, only the derived one is taken, not the one formed by rule). Regarding the rule, “Not of a characteristic,” disregarding the expressed opinion, “because of that,” due to the short ‘a’ sound, it is considered, “by one possessing qualities,” and thus, “by that” is established. Genus is commonality, species is particularity. Of one possessing qualities, of one possessing qualities, of one possessing qualities, “that is in me,” or “that is in me,” of those possessing qualities, of those possessing qualities. By one possessing qualities, by those possessing qualities,