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Moggallānabyākaraṇaṃ -(Maudgalyayana Grammar)(English | 中文 | བོད་ཡིག)

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184. Thalādayo. Words like *thala* ending in *kala* are formed. *Ṭha* becomes *tha*, the preceding vowel is dropped. They stand here, hence *thalaṃ* (land), *unnatappadeso* (elevated place). *Pā* - to drink, with *u* prefixed, with the dropping of two vowels. It drinks water, hence *uppalaṃ* (water-lily), *kuvalayaṃ* (blue lotus). *Pati* becomes *pāṭa*. It falls, goes to ripeness, hence *pāṭalaṃ* (fruit), *phalaṃ* (fruit), and a red-colored flower. *Baṃhi* loses its *niggahīta*. It grows, hence *bahalaṃ* (dense), *ghanaṃ* (thick). *Cupi*'s *u* becomes *a*. It does not stay in one place, hence *capalo* (fickle), *anavaṭṭhito* (unstable), and similarly for others. 185. Kulā kālo ca. From *kula* (to spread), 'kālo' comes. i kalo and. He spreads his own craft, therefore he is a potter (potter). It spreads its wings, therefore it is a bird (bird species). 186. Muḷāla and so on. Muḷāla and so on, ending in -la, are formed. Mīla, in the sense of closing. It closes when pulled out, therefore muḷāla (lotus stalk). Bala, in the sense of living. It lives by eating mice and so on, therefore biḷālo (cat). Kappa (root), with deletion of initial conjunct. They make a living by it, therefore kapāla (potsherd). Pī, in the sense of satisfying. (Grammatical rule 5.136). It satisfies beings with its fruit, therefore piyālo (piyāla tree). Kuṇa, in the sense of sounding. The rows of waves, stirred by the wind, roar and sound here, therefore kuṇālo (a great lake). Visa, in the sense of entering. They enter here, therefore visālo (vast). Pala, in the sense of going. It moves and goes by the wind, therefore palāla (straw). Sarati (root), with sigo. It harms hares and so on, therefore sigālo (jackal). And others likewise. 187. Caṇḍa, Pata, (and the suffix) ṇālo. From Caṇḍa (in fierceness) and Pata (in going), the suffix ṇālo occurs. He torments and oppresses, therefore caṇḍālo (outcast). It falls and goes downwards, therefore pātāla (netherworld). 188. From Mā and so on, (the suffix) lo. From Mā (in measuring), I (in going), Pī (in satisfying), Dū (in distressing), and so on, the suffix lo occurs. It is measured and arranged, therefore mālā (garland/row). It goes and moves, therefore elā (cardamom). It satisfies and pleases here, therefore pelā (pillow). It causes distress and torments, therefore dolā (swing). Kala, in the sense of counting. Counting is kalla (suitable). 189. Ana, Sala, Kala, Kuka, Saṭha, Maha, (and the suffix) ilo. From Ana (in breathing), Sala (in going), Kala (in counting), Kuka/Vaka (in eating), Saṭha (in deceit), Araha/Maha (in worshipping), the suffix ilo occurs. It breathes and moves, therefore anilo (wind). It moves and goes, therefore salilaṃ (water). It moves and proceeds, therefore kalilaṃ (thicket). It captures the minds of beings with its sound, therefore kokilo (cuckoo). He deceives and cheats, therefore saṭhilo (cunning). She is honored and worshipped, therefore mayilā (woman). 190. Kuṭa (and the suffix) kilo. Kuṭa (root) in the sense of... it is said to be crooked from this. Akuṭi, it went to crookedness, so kuṭilo = crooked. 191. Sithilādayo. Sithila and others, being weary, lie down. With patience, the looseness of patience, it is endured, so sithila = not firm. The conjunction of kampa is dropped, when there is suffering of others, it trembles, so kapilo = a sage. Kaba in the sense of color, the 'ba' becomes 'pa', akabi, it went to the color of blue and others, so kapilo = a specific color. For mathi, it is mitho, it is churned, so mithilā = a city, and so on for others. 192. Caṭa kaṇḍa vaṭṭa puthā kulo. Caṭa - in breaking, kaṇḍa - in cutting, vaṭṭa - in turning, putha patha - in spreading, from these 'kulo' is formed. He breaks friends, so caṭulo = a flatterer. It is cut, so kaṇḍulo = a tree. It turns, so vaṭṭulo = round. It spread, so puthulo = wide. 193. Tumulādayo. Tumula and others, ending in 'kula', are formed. Tama - in weariness, 'assu', atami, it went to widespreadness, so tumulo = spread out. For tami, 'ḍuka', it is made to undergo change, so taṇḍulo = rice grain. The 'i' of cināti with 'ni' prefix is dropped, it is gathered by those who need it, so niculo = a water plant, and so on for others. 194. Kalla kapa takka paṭā olo. Kalla - in sound, kapa - in covering, takka - in doubt, paṭa - in going, from these 'olo' is formed. Rising from the ocean by the force of the wind, it sounds, it roars, so kallolo = a great wave. It covers the teeth, so kapolo = a part of the face. It is doubted, so takkolaṃ = a kind of spice. It goes by this disease, so paṭolo = bitter gourd. 195. Aṅgā ulolī. Aṅga - meaning going, from this 'ulaulī' are formed. They know by this, so aṅgulaṃ = a measure. It goes up, so aṅgali = a finger. 196. Añjāli. Añja - in manifestation, anointing, going, shining, from this 'ali' is formed. He manifests devotion by this, so añjali = cupped hands. 197. Chadā li. Chada - in covering, from this 'li' is formed. It covers, so challī = a splinter. 198. Allyādayo. Alli and others, ending in 'li', are formed. Ara - in going, it proceeds, so alli = a tree. Nayat Absence of 'etta' for 'issa', is led by those nearby, thus 'nīli'. With 'ṅī', 'nīlī' means a climbing plant. From "Saramhā dve" (1.34), with the doubling of 'l' and shortening of the vowel, it also becomes 'nillī'. For 'Pāli', the root 'pā', 'pāleti rakkhati' (protects), thus 'pāli'. With 'ṅī', 'pālī' means a row. For 'Pāli', 'palo', 'pāleti rakkhati' (protects), thus 'palli' (a hut). For 'Cuda-codane' (to urge), absence of 'otta', 'is urged', thus 'culli' (an oven). And so for others. 199. From Pila and others, 'avo'. From Pila (to roll), Palla (to go), Paṇa (in transaction or praise), from these and others, 'avo' comes. It rolls, thus 'pelavo' (light). It goes, thus 'pallavo' (a sprout). It is transacted/praised, thus 'paṇavo' (a drum). And so for others. 200. Sāḷava and others. Sāḷava and others are formed with 'ava'. Sala, meaning 'to go'. The penultimate vowel is lengthened, and 'ḷa' is formed by rule. It goes, it proceeds, thus 'sāḷavo' (prepared edible fruit like jujube). Kita, to dwell. Absence of 'etta'. He dwells, thus 'kitavo' (a gambler, and a thief). Mū, to bind. Shortening of 'ū'. And 'tuña' for 'ava'. He binds, thus 'mutavo' (an outcast). Vala, Valla, to cover or enclose. Formation of 'ḷa'. It covers, or is covered, thus 'vaḷavā' (a mare). Mura, to enclose or wrap. It is enclosed, thus 'muravo' (a drum). And so for others. 201. From Sara, 'āvo'. From Sara, 'āvo' comes. It goes, it proceeds, thus 'sarāvo' (a kind of vessel). 202. Ala, Mala, Bila, 'ṇuvo'. Ala, to bind. Mala, Malla, to hold or support. Bila, to break or split. From these, 'ṇuvo' comes. It is bound by creepers, thus 'āluvo' (a climbing plant). It holds, it supports, thus 'māluvo' (a leafy creeper). It breaks, it splits, thus 'beluvo' (a tree). 203. From Gā, 'īvo'. From Kā, Gā, meaning 'to sound', 'īvo' comes. They sing with this, thus 'gīvā' (throat). 204. From Su, 'kva', 'kvā'. From Su, meaning 'to hear', 'kva' and 'kvā' come. He hears, thus 'suvo' (a parrot). 'Suvā' (a dog). 205. Vidvā. From Vid, 'kvā', absence of subsequent form, and 'a' are formed. He knows, he understands, thus 'vidvā' (a wise person). 206. From Thu, 'revo'. Thu, to praise or sprinkle. From this, 'revo' comes. It praises, it sprinkles, thus 'thevo' (a drop). 207. From Sama, 'rivo'. Sama, to be tranquil or pacify. From this, 'rivo' comes. It is tranquil, it pacifies, thus 'sivo' (Umā's lord). 'Sivā' (a jackal). lo, they are auspicious. 208. Chadā ravi. From covering, this becomes ravi. That which covers is chavi = light. 209. Pūra timā kiso rasso ca. From filling, from moistening, these become kiso and short. That which fills is puriso = a man. (Or, that which rests and proceeds in a high place is a man = a hero.) That which moistens is timisaṃ = darkness. 210. Karā īso. From doing, īso occurs. That which is done is karīsaṃ = excrement. 211. Sirīsādayo. Sirīsa and others ending in īsa are formed. That which flows, that which is flowed over in times of snakebite, etc., is sirīso = a tree. Shortening of pūra, that which fills is purīsaṃ = excrement. Lengthening of tali, that which supports beings is tālīsaṃ = a kind of medicine, and similarly others. 212. Karā ribbiso. From doing, ribbiso occurs. That which is done is kibbisaṃ = sin. 213. Sasāsa vasa visa hana vana manāna kamā so. From moving, harming, trusting in living beings, throwing, dwelling, entering, harming, connecting, knowing, breathing, desiring, these become so. Beings live by this, so sassaṃ = grain, etc. That which throws is asso = a horse. That in which they dwell is vassaṃ = a year. That which enters is vesso = the third caste. That which is killed is haṃso = a swan. That which spreads is vaṃso = a lineage, and bamboo. That which thinks is maṃsaṃ = flesh. That by which one breathes and lives is aṃso = a part, and the shoulder. That which is desired is kaṃso = a measure. 214. Āmi thu ku sīto saka. From throwing in, praising, sounding, lying down, these become saka. That which is thrown in is āmisaṃ = food. That which is praised is thuso = rice husk. That which sounds with the wind is kuso = a kind of grass. That on which lice lie is sīsaṃ = the head, and lead. 215. Phassādayo. Phassa and others ending in saka are formed. From touching, the meaning is high, that which touches is phasso = the object of body consciousness. Phusso = a constellation. From nourishing, "is nourished" thus `pussa` = a kind of fruit. From `bhū` (to be), `bhū` becomes short, "it was" thus `bhusa` = empty grain/chaff. From `aṃki` (to mark), `uka` suffix, "marks with this" thus `aṅkusa` = elephant goad. From `phāya` (to grow), `pa` prefix, `ya` dropped, "grows, goes to growth" thus `papphāsa` = a part of the body (lung).