English
From `majjha` and others, `imo`. From `majjha` and others, ending in the locative case, in the meaning of "existing," the suffix `imo` occurs. `majjhimo`, `antimo`. Middle, end, below, above, hither, yonder, behind, inner, border (east, outer). 25. `Kaṇa`, `ṇeyya`, `ṇeyyaka`, `yiyā`. These are the factors ending in the locative case, in the sense of 'being' (bhava): 'being in Kusinārā' (kosinārako) from 'Kusinārā' (kaṇa-kusinā rāyaṃ), 'being in Magadha' (māgadhako), 'a forest dwelling' (āraññako vihāro). 'from a river' (ṇeyya-gaṅgeyyo), 'from a mountain' (pabbateyyo), 'from a forest' (vāneyyo). 'from a river' (ṇeyyaka-koleyyako), 'from Bārāṇasī' (bārāṇaseyyako), 'from Campā' (campeyyako), 'from Mithilā' (mithileyyako) —thus 'eyyaka'. 'from a village' (ya-gammo), 'divine' (dibbo). 'going' (iyagāmiyo), 'from the belly' (udari-yo), 'divine' (diviyo), 'from Pañcāla' (pañcāliyo), 'of the factors of enlightenment' (bodhipakkhiyo), 'worldly' (lokiyo). 26. Ṇiko. Ending in the locative case, 'ṇiko' occurs in the sense of 'being': 'a day in autumn' (sāradiko divaso), 'a night in autumn' (sāradikā ratti). 27. That is his craft, virtue, merchandise, weapon, livelihood. Ending in the nominative case, 'ṇiko' occurs in the sense of 'his' (assa) in the genitive case, when referring to craft, etc.: 'playing the lute is his craft' (vīṇāvādanaṃ sippamassa) —'a lutenist' (veṇiko), 'a drummer' (modaṅgiko), 'a flutist' (vaṃsiko); 'wearing rags is his virtue' (paṃsukū- ladhāraṇaṃ sīlamassa) —'a rag-wearer' (paṃsukūliko), 'one with three robes' (tecīvarikeva); 'perfume is his merchandise' (gandhopaṇyamassa) —'a perfumer' (gandhiko), 'an oil-seller' (teliko), 'a ball-seller' (goḷiko); 'a bow is his weapon' (cāpo paharaṇamassa) —'an archer' (cāpiko), 'a spearman' (tomariko), 'a club-wielder' (muggariko); 'deceit is his livelihood' (upadhippayojanamassa) —'a deceiver' (opadhikaṃ), 'a hundred' (sātikaṃ), 'a thousand' (sāhassikaṃ). 28. That kills, deserves, goes, gleans, wanders. Ending in the accusative case, 'ṇīko' occurs in the sense of 'kills', etc.: 'he kills birds' (pakkhīhipakkhino hantīti) —'a fowler' (pakkhiko), 'a bird-catcher' (sākuniko), 'a peacock-hunter' (māyūriko). 'he kills fish' (macchehi-macchiko), 'a fisherman' (meniko). 'he kills deer' (migehi-māgaviko) —'a deer-hunter' (hāriṇiko), 'a pig-hunter' (sūkariko) —thus 'iko'. 'he deserves a hundred' (satamarahatīti) —'a hundred' (sātikaṃ), 'visible' (sandiṭṭhiko); 'he deserves the "come and see" method' (ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti) —'worthy of "come and see"' (ehipassiko), 'a thousand' (sāhassiko), 'a thousand' (sahassiyo) —thus 'iyo'. 'he goes to another's wife' (paradāraṃ gacchatīti) —'an adulterer' (pāradāriko), 'a traveler' (maggiko), 'fifty yojanas' (paññāsayojaniko). 'he gleans jujubes' (badare uñchatīti) —'a jujube-gleaner' (bādariko), 'a sāmāka-gleaner' (sāmākiko). 'he practices Dhamma' (dhammaṃ caratīti) —'righteous' (dhammiko), 'unrighteous' (adhammiko). 29. Made by that, bought by that, bound by that, prepared by that, mixed by that, killed by that, kills by that, conquered by that, conquers by that, plays by that, digs by that, crosses by that, wanders by that, carries by that, lives by that. Ending in the instrumental case, 'ṇiko' occurs in the sense of 'made', etc.: 'made by the body' (kāyena kataṃ) —'bodily' (kāyikaṃ), 'verbal' (vācasikaṃ), 'mental' (mānasikaṃ); 'an illness caused by wind' (vātena kato ābādho) —'windy' (vātiko). 'bought for a hundred' (satena kītaṃ) —'a hundred' (sātikaṃ), 'a thousand' (sāhassikaṃ); 'from the root' (mūlatova); 'bought by Devadatta' (devadatena kītanti) —this does not occur, due to the non-apprehension of that meaning. 'bound by a rope' (varattāya baddho) —'bound by a rope' (vārattiko), 'bound by iron' (āyasiko), 'bound by a snare' (pāsiko). 'prepared or mixed with ghee' (ghatena abhisaṅkhataṃ saṃsaṭṭhaṃ vā) —'with ghee' (ghātikaṃ), 'with balls' (goḷ) a tooth-person, a beard-person, a pepper-person. One who kills with a net, or is killed by a net, is a net-person, a hook-person. One who wins with dice is a dice-person, a stake-person. One who wins or plays with dice is a dice-person. One who digs with a spade is a spade-person, a hoe-person; won by Devadatta, one who digs with a finger is not, as the meaning is not understood. One who crosses with a raft is a raft-person, 'raft-person' is a 'tail-person', a boat-person. One who travels by cart is a cart-person, 'chariot-person, other-person' is a 'person'. One who carries on the shoulder is a shoulder-person, an arm-person, 'head-person' is a 'person'. One who lives by wages is a wage-earner, 'hired-person, buyer, seller, buyer-seller' is a 'person'. 30. It conduces to that. In the sense of 'it conduces to' with the dative case, 'ṇika' is used. Conducing to rebirth is 'ponobhavika' (rebirth-person), in the feminine 'ponobhavikā'. Conducing to the world is 'lokika' (worldly). Very good is 'sagga' (heaven), conducing to heaven is 'sovaggika' (heavenly). 'Sassovaka' and similar readings. Conducing to wealth is 'dhañña' (grain), 'yo'. 31. Arisen from that, come from that. In the senses of 'arisen from' or 'come from' with the ablative case, 'ṇika' is used. Arisen from the mother, or come from the mother, is 'mattika' (maternal), 'pettika' (paternal). 'Ñyariyaṇa' and 'yāpi' are also seen. Arisen from fragrance is 'sorabhya' (fragrant). Arisen from the breast is 'thañña' (milk). Arisen from the father is 'pettiyo' (paternal), 'mātiyo' (maternal), 'mattiyo' (maternal), or 'macco' (mortal). 32. He dwells there, known, supported, appointed. In the senses of 'he dwells there' and similar with the locative case, 'ṇika' is used. One who dwells at the root of a tree is a 'rukkhamūlika' (tree-root dweller). An 'āraññika' (forest dweller), a 'sosānika' (charnel ground dweller). Known in the world is 'lokika' (worldly). Supported by the Four Great Kings are the 'cātummahārājikā' (Four Great Kings' retinue). Appointed at the door is a 'dovārika' (doorkeeper). 'Dassoka' and similar readings. A 'bhaṇḍāgārika' (storekeeper), 'iko-navakammika' (new-work person), 'kiyojātikiya', 'andhakiya'. 33. This belongs to that. In the sense of 'this belongs to' with the genitive case, 'ṇika' is used. This belongs to the Sangha is 'saṅghika' (of the Sangha). 'Puggalika' (personal), 'sakyaputtika' (of the Sakya son), 'nātiputtika' (of the relative's son), 'jenadattika' (of Jenadatta). 'Kiye-sakiya' (of one's own), 'parakiya' (of another). 'Niye-attaniyaṃ' (one's own). 'Ke-sako rājakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ' (one's own royal goods). 34. Ṇo. In the sense of 'this belongs to' with the genitive case, (The suffix) ṇo occurs. This is Kaccāyana's, Kaccāyana's grammar. The Buddha's teaching. Buffalo meat, etc. 35. From 'gava' etc., 'yo'. From words ending in the sixth case, like 'gava' etc., in the sense of 'this is', 'yo' occurs. This is of cows, 'gabya' (cow-related), meat, etc. 'Kabya' (of poets), 'dabba' (of wood). 36. From 'pitu', in 'brother', 'reyyaṇa'. From the word 'pitu', in the sense of 'his brother', 'reyyaṇa' occurs. Father's brother (is) 'petteyyo' (paternal uncle). 37. From 'mātu' and 'pitu', in 'sister', 'cho'. From 'mātu' and 'pitu', in the sense of 'their sister', 'cho' occurs. Mother's sister (is) 'mātucchā' (maternal aunt). Father's sister (is) 'pitucchā' (paternal aunt). How (is) 'mātulo' (maternal uncle)? By the rule 'mātulādi' (irregular formation). 38. In 'mother' and 'father', 'āmaha'. From 'mātā' and 'pitā', in the sense of 'their mothers and fathers', 'āmaha' occurs. Mother's mother (is) 'mātāmahī' (maternal grandmother). Mother's father (is) 'mātāmaho' (maternal grandfather). Father's mother (is) 'pitāmahī' (paternal grandmother). Father's father (is) 'pitāmaho' (paternal grandfather). Not in order (as listed). Connected individually. 39. In 'beneficial', 'reyyaṇa'. From 'mātā' and 'pitā', in the sense of 'beneficial', 'reyyaṇa' occurs. Beneficial to mother. Beneficial to father. 40. In blame, unknown, small, resemblance, short, compassion, and designation, 'ko'. In the senses of blame etc., from a noun, 'ko' occurs. In blame: 'muṇḍako' (bald-headed fellow), 'samaṇako' (contemptible ascetic). In the unknown: Whose horse is this? 'assako' (a certain horse). By the power of usage, a specific connection is understood. In the sense of small: 'telakaṃ' (a little oil), 'ghatakaṃ' (a little ghee). In the sense of resemblance: like an elephant, 'hatthiko' (elephant-like), 'assako' (horse-like), 'balībaddako' (ox-like). In the sense of short/small: 'mānusako' (a small human), 'rukkhako' (a small tree), 'pilakkhako' (a small fig tree). In compassion: 'puttako' (dear son), 'vacchako' (dear calf). In designation: like a peacock, 'morako' (a peacock-like one). 41. When that is its measure, 'ṇiko' and 'ko'. From a word ending in the first case, in the sense of 'this is its', 'ṇiko' and 'ko' occur. If that word ending in the first case is a measure. That by which it is measured is a measure. A 'doṇa' is its measure, 'doṇiko vīhi' (rice of one 'doṇa'). A hundred 'khāras'. A thousand 'khāras'. Eighty years of age. A half-body pillow. A group of five. A group of six. 42. From 'ya', 'ta', 'eta' (etc.), 'ttako'. From words ending in the first case, like 'ya' etc., in the sixth case sense of 'this is its', 'ttako' occurs. If that word ending in the first case is a measure. What is its measure, 'yattakaṃ' (how much). So much. This much. In 'āvata', 'yāvatako' (as much as). So much (this much). 43. From 'sabba' and 'āvantu'. From 'sabba' ending in the first case. And from 'ya' etc., in the sense of 'its'. 'āvantu' occurs in the sixth case meaning, if the first term is a measure. All its measure is 'sabbāvantaṃ' (as much as all), 'yāvantaṃ' (as much as), 'tāvantaṃ' (so much as), 'etāvantaṃ' (this much). 44. From 'kim' (what) come 'rati', 'rīva', 'rīvataka', 'rittaka'. From 'kim' as the first term, 'rati', 'rīva', 'rīvataka', 'rittaka' occur in the sixth case meaning,