English
And its 'cho' with great meaning. Because it is entangled, it is a tangle. Inner tangle, outer tangle. Because they decay by it, it is old age. Or decaying is old age. Because one falls into, falls upon, it is misfortune. Succeeding is success. Because they attain, reach well a higher state by it, it is full ordination. Practicing is a path. Or because they practice a higher distinction by it, it is a path. A pleasant path. A painful path. Because they attain distinction of knowledge in meaning etc. by it, it is analytical knowledge. Analytical knowledge of meaning. Analytical knowledge of phenomena. Analytical knowledge of language. Analytical knowledge of ready wit. In the sense of begging, Because it is begged, it is almsfood. In the sense of training, Training is training. Because trainees strive and train in it, it is training. Training in higher morality. Training in higher mind. Training in higher wisdom, and so on. Enduring is patience. Investigating is investigation. Curing is medicine. Because its cure is gone, it is doubt. Desire to eat is hunger. Or hunger. Desire to devour is hunger. Desire to drink, to consume, is thirst. Desire to seize is desire for victory. Desire to conquer is desire for victory. Desire to kill is desire to kill, and so on. In the sense of going, Because it goes swiftly, piercing, it is an arrow-piercer. Because they do various deeds and actions in it, it is a prison. Because they decay by it, it is decay. Because it crosses, goes swiftly, it is a star. Because they speak by it, it is language. Because it holds, flows swiftly, it is a stream. A sword-edge. A rain-stream. Because it goes in various forms, it is illusion. It is written, a writing. It is said. Speech, carries forth what is delightful, thus a necklace, a string of pearls, and so on. With the 'yak' suffix: conversing is discussion, being true is truth, lying down is lying, one knows, understands, thus knowledge, or, they know, understand by this, thus knowledge, the opposite of knowledge is ignorance, sitting down is sitting. In the sense of 'to prosper': prospering is prosperity. In the sense of 'to accomplish': accomplishing is accomplishment, and so on. In the sense of 'to cleanse': sweeping is sweeping, going forth, departing is renunciation, walking is conduct, attending is service, 'of the vowel' (there is an 'ī' insertion and shortening). In the sense of 'to be awake, to destroy sleep': waking is wakefulness, one lies down here, thus a bed, a doubling (of the consonant). They sing together, recite together here, thus recitation, it is established, it is founded, thus foundation, it is attained, thus attainment, complete attainment, complete finishing, it is served, thus service, close attendance, it is sought, thus seeking, thorough seeking, quest for sensual pleasures, quest for existence, quest for the holy life, the doing of cutting, breaking, etc., work is punishment, initial lengthening, thirty-two punishments. In the sense of 'to think, to arrange': associated phenomena think by this, thus volition, it is thought, thus thinking, it is placed, thus placing, it is illuminated, thus illumination, they see clearly by this, thus insight, it is shown, thus showing, it is taught, thus teaching, or, it is taught by this, thus teaching, it is wished, thus wish, it is pervaded, thus pervasion, it is touched, thus touching, it is developed, thus development, clear development, complete development, it is advised, thus counsel, invitation, addressing, they rejoice again and again by this, thus appreciation, it is begged, thus begging, begging with respect is earnest request, it is joined, thus joining. In the sense of 'to arrange, to compose': it is arranged, thus arrangement, arrangement, special arrangement. In the sense of 'to turn, to exist': turning around, turning away, cessation, it is felt, thus feeling. In the sense of 'to wish, to choose': it is wished, it is offered, thus invitation, it is perfumed, thus impression, it is blessed, thus blessing, it is harmed, thus harming, and so on. Due to frequent usage, it also occurs in the feminine gender, singing is song, singing together is concert, dugg... Echo, following song. "This is known as our inner one" thus, `ñāti` (relative). Knowing is `ñatti` (declaration). Doubling (of consonant). Standing is `ṭhiti` (stability). From the root `dā` (to cut, divide). "It is given by this" thus `datti` (gift). Doubling (of consonant). "It holds" thus `dhāti` (element). Burning, unshakeable, is `dhīti` (wisdom). Concentrating well is `samādhi` (concentration). By the great rule, 'a' becomes 'ī'. In doubling, 'dh' becomes 'd' and is shortened. `Dīdhiti` (radiance) - `raṃsi` (ray). Extinguishing is `nibbuti` (peace). 'a' becomes 'u'. Going together is `samiti` (assembly). "It comes, it approaches" thus `īti` (calamity), `upaddavo` (calamity). Investigating is `viciti` (investigation). Conquering is `vijiti` (victory). "It is led, it is known by this" thus `nīti` (guidance). Worldly policy. Righteous policy. Grammatical policy. "It leads to existence" thus `bhavanetti` (guide to existence). Lengthening and doubling. Guide to the true Dhamma. "It pleases" thus `pīti` (joy). Fearing is `bhīti` (fear). Falling is `cuti` (passing away). Speeding is `juti` (radiance). Praising is `thuti` (praise). Great praise. Purifying is `pūti` (purity/decay). Becoming is `bhūti` (prosperity). "It becomes well" thus `subhūti` (well-being). Manifesting is `vibhūti` (manifestation). "Well-thinking, binding" thus `sammuti` (convention). Hearing is `suti` (tradition). "Or it is heard" thus `suti`. Birth, production. Listening in. "It is offered" thus `huti` (offering). "Having brought, it is to be offered" thus `āhuti` (oblation). Accumulating, honoring is `citi` (accumulation). In doubling, `citti` (mind). Reverence, expiation. 'e' becomes 'a'. Reflecting is `nijjhatti` (reflection). By the great rule, 'k' of `kara` becomes 't'. Action is `kutti` (deed). Action of sound. Female action. Male action. "It generates" thus `janetti` (generator). 'ī' of the augment becomes 'e'. "It is bound" thus `bandhati` (binds). "It goes forth" thus `patti` (attainment). Or it gives. 'ī' of the augment becomes 'ā'. "They dwell here" thus `vasati-gehaṃ` (dwelling-house). Or dwelling is `vasati`, etc. 802. `Jāhāhi ni`. From these, `ni` occurs. From `jā` (loss, decay). It decays, `jāni` (loss). Loss of wealth. Loss of possessions. "He has great loss" thus `mahājāniyo` (one with great loss). It is diminished, `hāni` (loss). Loss of complexion. Loss of strength. Loss of life-span. Decrease. Complete loss. 803. `Karā ririyo`. From `kara`, in the feminine, `ririyo` occurs. It is done, `kiriyā` (action). By dropping, `kriyā` is formed. Thus ends the section on feminine forms. Section on `rīrikkha` and other suffixes. 804. `Samāna`, `añña`, `bhavanta`, `yādi`, `upamāna`, `disā`, in action, `rīrikkhaka`. `Samāna` and `añña` and `bhavanta` and `y`... And from these, which are in the nature of comparisons, after 'disa', 'kammerī', 'rikkha', and 'ko', these suffixes occur. In 'rī' and 'rikkha', by the rule 'rānubandhentasarādissā', the final vowels etc. of 'disa' are elided. The 'ka' suffix is for non-increase (of meaning/form). The form of the former words should be established by compound rules like 'rīrikkhakesu' etc. Which, that, this, this, what, you (pl.), we, your honor, equal, other. He who appears like which is 'yādī', 'yādikkho', 'yādiso'. That which they see like which is 'yādī'. Those who appear like which are 'yādino'. In the feminine, she who appears like which is 'yādinī', 'yādikkhā', 'yādikkhī', 'yādisā', 'yādisī'. Those (f.) who appear like which are 'yādiniyo', 'yādikkhāyo', 'yādikkhiyo', 'yādisāyo', 'yādisiyo'. Thus also in the rest. He who appears like that is 'tādī', 'tādikkho', 'tādiso'. He who appears like this is 'edī', 'edikkho', 'ediso', or 'etādī', 'etādikkho', 'etādiso'. He who appears like this is 'īdī', 'īdikkho', 'īdiso'. He who appears like what is 'kīdī', 'kīdikkho', 'kīdiso'. You who appear like you are 'tādī', 'tādikkho', 'tādiso'. I who appear like me am 'mādī', 'mādikkho', 'mādiso'. But in the plural, you (all) who appear like you (all) are 'tumhādī', 'tumhādikkho', 'tumhādiso'. We who appear like us are 'amhādī', 'amhādikkho', 'amhādiso'. He who appears like your honor is 'bhavādī', 'bhavādikkho', 'bhavādiso'. He who appears like an equal is 'sadī', 'sadikkho', 'sadiso'. He who appears like another is 'aññādī', 'aññādikkho', 'aññādiso'. In the feminine, a woman who appears like which is a 'yādisā-woman', a 'yādisī-woman'. A 'tādisā-woman', a 'tādisī-woman', etc. 805. 'Thu' after 'Vama' etc. 'Thu' occurs after 'Vama' etc. in the sense of state or agent. That which is vomited is 'vamathu'. That which is melted is 'davathu', etc. 806. 'Kvi' 'Kvi' occurs in the sense of state or agent. 807. Elision of 'Kvi' Elision of 'Kvi' occurs. Among those with 'i' sound, that which accumulates or grows greatly is 'acci' (flame/ray). Doubling and shortening (of the vowel), and that which accumulates in various ways or grows... It shakes, thus a wave. He conquers the five Māras, thus Māraji. He conquers good, thus Bhaddaji. Similarly Puṇṇaji. He leads a village or a group, thus gāmaṇī. The 'ṇ' becomes 'ṇ'. He leads an army, thus senānī, etc. In words ending in 'u': He kills, he causes to fall, thus maccu (death). By the great rule, the short 'a' becomes the following vowel. It moves swiftly, it spreads quickly, thus vijju (lightning). They exist here, thus bhū (earth). He arises, he becomes master, thus pabhū (lord). Manifestation, vibhū (pervading). He overcomes, thus abhibhū (overcomer). He exists by himself, thus sayambhū (self-existent). He overcomes lineage, thus gottabhū, gotrabhū, etc. In words ending in consonants: 808. In 'kvi', the final consonant is dropped. The final consonant of roots is dropped in 'kvi'.