English
Just as the meaning of the expression “one root with the wholesome root” deviates from the meaning of the expression “wholesome,” so the meaning of the expression “wholesome” does not. How is the challenge made, and how is the resolution made? The challenge is made: “Only wholesome things have one root with the wholesome root.” But it should be understood that the resolution proceeds: “Only wholesome things have one root with the wholesome root.” “Without being asked, as in the second pair” means without being asked “whatever wholesome things.” “By wholesome roots” means by wholesome roots. “Those” means those that have one root with the wholesome root. In “arising together,” the word “iti” has the meaning of “etc.” or the meaning of “kind.” By this, it shows the remainder of the Pāli text, such as “wholesome roots are both one root and roots of each other.” Referring to which, it was said: “the answer should be given in the manner stated below.” There, “below” means in the answer to the direct question. “In the manner stated” means in the manner stated by “roots that arise together,” etc. “That too” means the commentary statement “by the wholesome root,” etc. “Thus” means in that manner, the meaning is that the answer should be given in the manner of the direct question. To show the reason why it was said “it is not possible to say,” it says “or whatever,” etc. There, it should be answered “yes” only, so just as in the question “are all those phenomena wholesome?” even when asked “are all those phenomena of one root with the wholesome root?” only an answering response is obtained, not a description of the nature as in the direct question. because there is no division to be shown. For those states that have one root with a wholesome root, those states do not have other roots with a wholesome root. But those that have other roots with a wholesome root, those have one root with a wholesome root. Therefore it is said: "Indeed... ...a division should be made." There, "by which" means by which there is no one root among those with other roots. "Where" means in which consciousness-arising associated with knowledge. The meaning is: having other roots and having one root. For when two roots are each said to have other roots, their each having one root is also said, considering the word "one" to be synonymous. Therefore it is said: "But where... ...are not one-rooted." This is wrong, for in both cases, each can indeed be one-rooted with the other. Therefore it is said: "for the prevention of this understanding," and so on. "Those states that have other roots with a wholesome root, those have one root with a wholesome root." By explaining this meaning, it is here said by the word "yes" that where two roots arise, each being one-rooted with the other is already declared. Therefore it is said: "by this very answer 'yes,' that understanding is prevented." As for "decided," let it be decided that the three roots arising together are mutually one-rooted; but how about two? Therefore it is said: "For those with other roots," and so on. "Not mutually one-rooted" is said to show the meaning that is negated by the emphasis "is indeed one-rooted." Thereby, it shows this meaning: the understanding of "one-rooted" is for the mere statement of the one-rootedness of those with other roots, not for showing their one-rootedness distinguished by mutual conditionality. "Of two roots" means of two one-rooted things arising together. To show how they are one-rooted, "for among them," and so on, is said. "By others rooted in them" means by other co-arisen states other than the two roots, rooted in the other root. Now, by what intention the question "wholesome" was asked in reverse, not He said, "One-rooted with the root of skillfulness," to show that, "in being mutually rooted, it should be seen as done." For it is not that nothing is one-rooted among those mutually rooted with the root of skillfulness; this is the meaning stated. It speaks only of being connected to roots, not of being disconnected from roots, this is the intention. Otherwise, the former would contradict the latter. Therefore, because it is spoken of as being connected to roots. In both places, in both phrases: "mutually rooted" and "one-rooted." "With the root of skillfulness" is said, for the meaning is: "associated with the root of skillfulness." If both expressions speak only of being connected to roots, then why was "one-rooted" taken only in the direct question, and not in the reverse question? Should it be taken in both, or not taken at all? For thus, this teaching of mutual pairs would be of the same essence as the teaching of root-one-rooted pairs. Having considered this objection, he said, "Therein," and so on. "Therein, therein" refers to that mutual pair. Although these two phrases, "one-rooted" and "mutually rooted," speak only of being connected to roots in the manner stated, yet to show that there is a difference in the meaning of general and specific characteristics, "in the generality of root-connection," and so on, was said. "Being one-rooted" means the sameness of roots for those with roots. The term "one-rooted" speaks only of the mere existence of roots without distinction among them, not of the specific characteristic found in roots like the word "mutually rooted." And a certainty in the general does not dispel doubt in the specific. He stated this meaning with "in the generality of root-connection, it proceeds." But a certainty in the specific proceeds by dispelling doubt in the general. Thus he said, "in the specificity of root-connection, it is indeed certain." "Therefore" is a reference to that which was stated, as its reason, because of its inseparability from certainty in the specific, and because the general is certain, or because there is no doubt therein; this is the meaning. Therefore he said, "without asking 'one-rooted'." "It is not indicative of skillfulness" means it is not indicative solely of skillfulness, as it also indicates that which is of another kind. Therefore he said, "doubt regarding skillfulness..." from non-existence." "Mutual root-statement" means simply a mutual root-statement. "Because the context of wholesome is continuing" - by this, the reason for taking "wholesome" in "all those phenomena are wholesome" is stated. The absence of purpose in taking a single root is shown, and this teaching is in terms of the wholesome. 53-61. "When the root method is stated, there are" means when the root method is stated, there are wholesome and other phenomena. Wholesome and others are intrinsic phenomena, here stated as "are" for the meaning of the Pāli. To make clear by being of the nature of a wholesome root, by the qualification of the root, and by the illustration of the root connection. "Roots that are wholesome roots" is a compound analysis for "wholesome-root-roots." The term "root" is common to what is to be removed and what is to be taken. Unwholesome and indeterminate root phenomena also exist, so root phenomena are qualified by being of the nature of a wholesome root. And by the taking of "root," the root connection of those possessing roots is illustrated. The analysis is: "one-root-roots" is stated to make clear by a common root, by the qualification of the root, and by the illustration of the root connection; "mutual-root-roots" is stated to make clear by the root-nature of each other, by the qualification of the root, and by the illustration of the root connection. In all three pairs, the aforementioned qualification should be seen as another alternative here. "To illustrate the root connection" means to illustrate the root connection by making it primary and pre-eminent. Just as in an external compound like "kusalamūlakāni" (having wholesome roots) where "wholesome roots are for these," the root connection is stated as primary, it is not so in "kusalamūlā" (wholesome roots) which is merely "roots called wholesome," or in "kusalamūlamūlā" (wholesome-root-roots) with a qualification, which is a compound where the meaning of the latter term is primary. Therefore, it says "another meaning... to illustrate." "Of the kind stated" means of the kind stated in the root-root method by "by being of the nature of a wholesome root, by the qualification of the root," etc., and in the root-having method by "by the suffix 'ka' in a compound with another meaning," etc. The alternative phrasing should be combined and applied to the root-root-having method. 74-85. "Not obtaining the state of a single root" means not having a single root with an indeterminate root. because it is not obtained together with the eighteen rootless mind-arisings, rootless-originated matter, and Nibbāna, which are capable of being called rootless. Just as the aforementioned mind-arisings and so forth, being devoid of the condition of roots, are called rootless, so is not matter originating from roots. Therefore, it is said, "having made it devoid of the designation 'rootless'." And here, although matter originating from roots is also rootless, as it is said, "all matter is not rooted, but only rootless," yet by the saying, "the undetermined phenomenon is a condition for the undetermined phenomenon by way of the root condition; the resultant undetermined roots and functional undetermined roots are a condition for the associated aggregates and mind-originated matter by way of the root condition," the absence of the designation "rootless" for matter originating from roots, due to its connection with the root condition, is stated. Some, however, say, "having made it un-designatable means having made it un-designatable by the designation 'rooted'," and say otherwise, "it is not possible to say 'rootless, undetermined, is one-rooted with the undetermined root'." What needs to be said there has already been said, as the meaning of "not rooted" is established by the absence of the designation "rootless.