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the act of living and such, and that food and such is the cause of that act of living and such. This meaning is to be understood. 10. By "there are immeasurable terms" and so on, for the recited Pāli text, "Monks, I will teach you the Dhamma," the twelve-term fulfillment... Having shown the three kinds of excellence, it now shows the excellence of meaning and expression, which is called accomplishment, by means of six meaning-terms and six expression-terms. Therefore, it says: "There, the six terms are meaning," and so on. Or, in accordance with what was said: "Twelve terms are the Sutta," the twelve-term nature of the Pāli text indicated by "I shall teach you the Dhamma, monks," is shown by "There, immeasurable," and so on. And in accordance with what was said: "Excellent in the beginning, excellent in the middle, excellent in the end," the three kinds of excellence of that Pāli text are shown by "There, the Blessed One with letters," and so on. Having shown this, now, in accordance with what was said: "With meaning, with expression, entirely complete, perfectly pure," to show that Pāli text's possession of six meaning-terms and six expression-terms, it is said: "There, the six terms are meaning," and so on. There, in that Pāli text, which is the subject of the discourse's presentation, the six terms are meaning. Which are the six terms? Elucidation, illumination, explanation, analysis, making clear, designation— these are the six terms. It has meaning, therefore it is "with meaning." There, in that Pāli text, which is the subject of the discourse's presentation, the six terms are expression. Which are the six terms? Letter, word, expression, form, etymology, definition— these are the six terms. The connection should be made: "It has expression, therefore it is 'with expression'." By that, it means: "Because that Pāli text is endowed with the three kinds of excellence, six meaning-terms, and six expression-terms, the Blessed One said: 'I shall teach you the Dhamma, monks... pure'." To define and show the intended meaning of the word "entirely," since it denotes the meaning of "all" and so on, it is said: "Entirely means supramundane, not mixed with mundane phenomena." Complete means that not even one meaning is lacking in the intended sense, and not even one meaningless word is superfluous in the words that express it. Thus, complete means neither lacking nor excessive. Perfectly pure means either perfectly pure due to the absence of faults of expression, faults of meaning, and so on, or perfectly pure due to the absence of defilements such as lust, and so on. It is pure, it is cleansed, because it is the place where the special qualities of human states are present. It is stainless, meaning its defilement is gone. It is thoroughly cleansed, meaning it is free from all defilements, whether from faults of faith and so on, or from passion and so on. It is present, meaning all special qualities are present here, just as "trodden" means a trodden place. Special qualities are those that are distinguished from human states; all special qualities are all special qualities, or special qualities in every respect are all special qualities, the superhuman states. The meaning is: the presence of all these special qualities. This is the holy life of the teaching, comprising the three trainings. The path of the Tathāgata, the Fully Awakened One, is the Tathāgata's path. "Path" also means the grasping of defilements through the path of practice or the path of teaching. It is also called the place of going after having descended. It is also called that which is served and frequented by the Tathāgata through resorting to alms-round or resorting to meditation. It is also called the place that is adorned by the great adamantine knowledge and omniscient knowledge of the Tathāgata. Therefore, this holy life of the teaching is known because it is to be spoken of as the path of the Tathāgata and so on. Holy life means the conduct of the Brahmā, the Blessed One, who is supreme among all beings, or it is the supreme conduct, the holy life. "Is known" means it is to be understood as known by the aforementioned ways. "How shall we know without doubt the state of the Tathāgata's path, which is the complete and pure state of this teaching, comprising the three trainings? The state of the Tathāgata's path, the state of being frequented by the Tathāgata, the state of being adorned by the Tathāgata, the state of being made known by these ways?" Because it is to be said thus, "Therefore the Blessed One said" and so on, is stated. It means that you should know it without doubt by the words spoken by the Blessed One, which reveal that state. If the Blessed One explains with letters and words, and elaborates with syllables and modes, and with interpretations and and expands them, then the purpose of the teaching method composed by the teacher is not served. Considering the objection that the meaning of the Buddha's teaching is achieved even without the teaching method, and asking "for whom is this teaching of Dhamma?", he said, "for yogis." There, "yogis" means those who strive in the practice of the four noble truths, for those yogis. Therefore, this teaching of the Buddha, as described, explained by the teaching method composed by me, accomplishes the task of awakening and so on, thus the teaching method is indeed beneficial for yogis. Since it should be asked, "how are we to know and believe that the teaching method possesses the nature of a method of enjoyment and so on?", it is said, "therefore the venerable one said... the teaching method." There, it is said that by that nature of a method of enjoyment and so on, by the words which the venerable Mahākaccāna spoke, "the teaching method with enjoyment and its drawbacks... and so on," by those words, you should know and believe that the teaching method possesses the nature of a method of enjoyment and so on for yogis. Since it should be asked, "is the teaching method complete with this much, is there no other assignment?", it is said, "the assigned teaching method." There, it should be understood that in the teaching where enjoyment and so on are determined by which teaching method, in that teaching, that teaching method is determined and applied. Thus, in the analysis of the teaching method, the explanation composed according to one's strength and ability is completed. However, the profound meaning should be divided and understood in detail by the wise, according to the commentaries and sub-commentaries. 2. Explanation of the Analysis of the Method of Investigation 11. By which special method of explanation, the analysis of the teaching method, the meanings of the suttas, such as enjoyment and so on, were divided by the teacher, that special method of explanation, the analysis of the teaching method, is complete. Since it should be asked, "which is the method of investigation?", it is said, "there, which is the method of investigation?" and so on. There, "there" means among those sixteen specified methods, such as the teaching method, which special method of explanation is the method of investigation? It asks, "What is the analysis of the method?" The explanation, "What is asked and answered," and so on, is now being stated by me. "This analysis method, what does it analyze?" This kind of detailed commentary is called the analysis of the method. "This analysis method, what does it analyze?" By this, it asks what analysis is to be analyzed. Therefore, to show the subject to be analyzed, by specifying each one separately, it is said, "It analyzes words, it analyzes questions," and so on. Without saying, "What is the analysis, the analysis of words," and so on, by saying, "What does it analyze, it analyzes words," and so on, it shows the word 'analysis' to be in the agentive sense. Therein, "It analyzes words" means it analyzes all words of the nine kinds of suttantas, up to the conclusion, in terms of noun-words, gender-words like 'nāmapada', feminine gender, ending in 'ā', first case ending, singular number, and so on. "It analyzes questions" means it analyzes in terms of revealing the unseen, the seven bases, conventional subjects, past subjects, and so on. "It analyzes answers" means it analyzes in terms of categorical answers, partial answers, answers with further questions, worldly answers, and so on. "It analyzes the prior and posterior" means it analyzes by comparing the posterior with the prior. "It analyzes gratification" means it analyzes in terms of craving for gratification, pleasure to be gratified, and so on. "It analyzes danger" means it analyzes in terms of suffering of pain, suffering of change, suffering of formations, or in terms of experiencing the undesirable, being finite, being conducive to defilement, and so on. "It analyzes escape" means it analyzes in terms of the path, or Nibbāna, or the coming of the path, or in terms of the unconditioned element of Nibbāna, and so on. "It analyzes fruit" means it analyzes the fruit of practicing the Dhamma by not going to a bad destination, or by overcoming death, and so on, the fruit of the teaching, the fruit of practice according to the teaching. "It analyzes means" means it analyzes the means to purification in terms of contemplation of impermanence, knowledge of dispassion arising from activity, or faith and mindfulness. investigates. He investigates commands, meaning he investigates commands in terms of avoiding evil, or in terms of the command to look upon the world as empty. He investigates chants, meaning he investigates suitable chants, either as chants already spoken or as chants being spoken. He investigates all nine types of suttas, meaning he investigates the nine suttas such as suttas and geyyas, either by direct statement, or by contextual statement, or by explicit meaning, or by implicit meaning, or in terms of leading to defilement and so on.