English
He who knows, skilled in the Sutta, that method is called synonyms. This verse was spoken. Here, for one state, or meaning, many synonyms are indeed spoken in the Sutta. There are indeed many synonyms by which special explanation he who knows the Suttas understands, and having understood, applies it to one single meaning of a word. For that knower of Suttas, that special explanation is designated as the "Synonymy Method" – this is the explanation of the meaning. Here, the words "yo" (who) and "so" (that) are not of the same meaning; thus, having said "he who knows the Suttas," it is then said "that special explanation." For the word "Bhagavā" (Blessed One), in the single meaning of "Blessed One," many synonyms such as "Arahant, Perfectly Self-Enlightened, Accomplished in Knowledge and Conduct, Fortunate, Knower of the Worlds, Unsurpassed Trainer of Persons to be Tamed, Teacher of gods and humans, Awakened, Blessed One, attained to the fruition of results, attained to fearlessness, attained to analytical knowledge, abandoned the four yogas, transcended going and coming, extracted the dart, healed the wound, crushed the thorn, extinguished the uprising, gone beyond bonds, untangled the knots, transcended intentions, shattered darkness, possessed of vision, transcended worldly conditions, disassociated from attachment and aversion, unattached to desirable and undesirable things, gone beyond bonds, ceased combat, most excellent, torch-bearer, light-maker, illuminator, dispeller of darkness, abandoner of defilements, of immeasurable glory, of inestimable glory, of innumerable glory, light-maker, splendor-maker, illuminator of the Dhamma-light" (Netti. 38) and so on, are applied. The detailed explanation will come in the Vibhaṅga section (Netti. 37 onwards). The explanation of the Synonymy Method has been given, and understood by us, because it is to be asked, "What is the explanation of the Designation Method?" – 11. The Blessed One a single Dhamma, by various designations teaches. That mode should be known, "Designation" is that method. – The verse is spoken. There, the Blessed One, a single Dhamma such as the aggregates, by various designations such as the designation of deposit and origin, by which mode it is to be designated, teaches. That mode to be designated, by which special explanation it is made clear, that special explanation should be known as the "Designation Method" – this is the explanation of the meaning. There, by various designations, such as the designation of deposit and origin... The exposition of designation, the full understanding of designation, the abandoning of designation, the development of designation, the realization of designation, the cessation of designation, the dispassion of designation— these and other designations, which are a special kind of elucidation, characterized by explaining the way a single word's meaning is to be designated, is called the Designation Method. Here, the designation "this is suffering" is the designation of the deposit of the five aggregates, the six elements, the eighteen elements, the twelve sense bases, the ten faculties. "If, monks, in edible food there is passion, there is delight, there is craving, consciousness is established there, it grows. Where consciousness is established, it grows, there is the descent of name-and-form. Where there is the descent of name-and-form, there is the growth of formations," this and similar is the designation of origin of suffering and of its cause. "If, monks, in edible food there is no passion, there is no delight, there is no craving," this and similar is the designation of full understanding of suffering, "the designation of abandoning for the origin, the designation of development for the path, the designation of realization for cessation," and "the designation of deposit for wisdom born of learning, the designation of realization for the 'I shall know the unknown' faculty, the designation of setting in motion for the Wheel of Dhamma"— this and similar extensive explanation will come in the Vibhaṅga. The exposition of the Designation Method has been explained, and understood by us. As it is to be asked, "What is the exposition of the Descent Method?"— 12. "And what is dependent origination, and the faculties, aggregates, elements, and sense bases? That by which one descends through these, that is called the Descent Method." This verse has been spoken. Here, dependent origination, the faculties, aggregates, elements, and sense bases, by whatever special kind of elucidation they are determined, by these—dependent origination, faculties, aggregates, elements, and sense bases— and by the meaning of the words found in the Sutta, as they are determined, whatever special kind of elucidation descends. It enters into dependent origination and so on, there by way of expression, or there by way of knowledge. That special explanation is called the Descent method—this is the meaning explanation. Here, "sense faculties and aggregates" means sense faculties and aggregates. "Elements and sense bases" means elements and sense bases. How is it a descent? The passage "Above, below, everywhere released" and so on (Netti. 42). "Above" means the form realm and the formless realm. "Below" means the sense-desire realm. "Everywhere released" means this is the release of the learner in the three realms. These same five faculties of the learner, this is the descent by way of the faculties. These same five faculties of the learner are knowledge; from the arising of knowledge, the cessation of ignorance... ...there is the cessation of the mass of suffering. This is the descent by way of dependent origination. These same five faculties of the learner are comprised in the three aggregates: the aggregate of morality, the aggregate of concentration, the aggregate of wisdom. This is the descent by way of the aggregates. These same five faculties of the learner are included in formations. Those formations which are taintless, and not life-continuum, those formations are comprised in the element of phenomena. This is the descent by way of the elements. That element of phenomena is included in the sense base of phenomena. That sense base which is taintless, and not life-continuum, this is the descent by way of the sense bases. Thus, it will come in the analysis (Netti. 42 onwards) and so on. The explanation of the Descent method has been expounded, and understood by us. Since it is to be asked, "What is the explanation of the Purification method?" – 13. "In the question that has been answered, concerning which the verse was asked, the examination of purity and impurity, that method is called Purification." – The verse has been spoken. There, in the meaning desired to be known, which is contained in that verse, which was answered by the Blessed One in the answering verse, concerning which Sutta-meaning that verse was asked, placed for the purpose of questioning, by which special explanation of that Sutta-meaning there would be an examination of purity and impurity, that special explanation is called the Purification method—this is the meaning explanation. No. How? The phrase "The world is shrouded by ignorance" is purified, the beginning is not purified. The phrase "Doubt and heedlessness do not shine forth" is purified, the beginning is not purified. The phrase "We call it the anointing of craving" is purified, the beginning is not purified. And the phrase "Suffering is a great fear for him" is purified, and the beginning is purified. Thus, the consideration of the purified and unpurified state of phrases and so on is called the mode of purification. But in detail, it will come in the Vibhaṅga (Netti. 45 onwards). The exposition of the purification mode has been explained, and understood by us, because it is to be asked, "What is the exposition of the mode of determination?" – 14. Phenomena by way of unity, and those explained by way of diversity. They should not be conceptualized, this mode is determination. – The verse has been spoken. Therein, those phenomena like the truth of suffering, explained by way of unity (generality) and also by way of diversity (particularity), by which special explanation these phenomena like the truth of suffering should not be conceptualized by conceiving generality and particularity, because of their instability as conventional usage, and because they are established by reference, like special times and directions, this special explanation is the mode of determination – this is the meaning-construction. Therein, by "unity" means the state of being one and similar is unity, unity itself is unity, by that. And here the word "eka" (one) signifies similarity, not number. By "diversity" means a distinct measure is diversity, diversity itself is diversity, the state of diversity is diversity, by that. Just as special times spoken of as "today, tomorrow" are unstable, and special directions spoken of as "eastern direction, western direction", so too are the general and particular aspects of meaning by nature. Thus, what is called "this is suffering," when considered in relation to birth and so on, is general, but when considered in relation to the truth, it is particular. This method applies to the truth of origin and so on as well. "Suffering" is unity. "Birth is suffering, old age is suffering, death is suffering" and so on is diversity. "Origin of suffering" is unity, "craving leading to renewed existence... thinking The user wants a Pāli to English translation. I need to maintain the original segment structure and the rhythm of folk chants, especially for the gāthās (verses). No other descriptive text should be outputted. Let's break down the text: **Segment 1:** `avikā nandīrāgasahagatā’’ti evamādi vemattatāti evamādi vitthāro vibhaṅge (netti. 46 ādayo) āgamissatīti.` - This is a prose sentence.