English
The statement given: "The unfitness, the unworkability of the body, bodily sluggishness, sleep, sleeping, the state of having slept" (Dhs. 1163). This statement is a synonym for 'torpor'. The statement given: "A beggar is a bhikkhu," and so on (Pārā. 45; Vibh. 510). This statement is a synonym for the word 'bhikkhu'. The statement given: "A bad destination, a lower realm, a state of woe, the suffering of the cycle of existence, transmigration," and so on. This statement is a synonym for the word 'bad destination'. Thus, synonyms have been extracted. Because it is to be said, "This much is the complete collection of synonymic methods," it is stated, "the collection of synonymic methods is assigned." The meaning taken is that by whichever specific descriptive collection of synonymic methods the synonyms have been extracted, that specific descriptive collection of synonymic methods is assigned, to be extracted and applied as appropriate. Thus, in the collection of synonymic methods, composed according to the strength of beings, the Explanation is finished. But by the wise... (ellipsis for omitted text)... it should be understood. 11. Explanation of the Collection of Designation Methods 73. By whichever collection of synonymic methods the synonyms have been defined, that collection of synonymic methods is complete. Because it is to be asked, "Which is the collection of designation methods?", it is stated, "Therein, which is the collection of designation methods?", and so on. Because it is to be asked, "Which designation is based on a Sutta passage? A designation of which phenomena?", it is stated, "Therefore," and so on. "Therefore, protect... "for the well-disposed mind" is a designation, because it designates the mind to be protected as the footing of mindfulness, it is called the designation of the footing of mindfulness. Indeed, the mind to be protected by mindfulness is called the footing, the basis, of mindfulness. Therefore, it is said in the commentary: "The mind being protected by mindfulness, which protects by establishing itself, becomes like its basis." "Having right intention as its range" is a designation, because it designates the development of tranquility, it is called the designation of the development of tranquility. "Having right view as its forerunner, knowing rise and fall" is a designation, because it designates the laying down of the ground for insight, it is called the designation of laying down. "Monks overcoming sloth and torpor" is a designation, because it designates the complete abandonment of the origin, it is called the designation of complete abandonment. "May he abandon all bad destinations" is a designation, because it designates the development of the path, the noble path, it is called the designation of development. Because it is to be said "This much is the complete collection of designation-methods," it is stated "the assigned collection of designation-methods." By whichever particular descriptive collection of designation-methods the types of designations are determined, that particular descriptive collection of designation-methods is assigned, and the meaning is to be understood as that it should be appropriately determined and applied. Thus, in the collection of designation-methods, composed according to the strength of beings, The elucidation is finished. But by the wise… (etc.)… it should be understood. 12. Elucidation of the Collection of Descent-Methods 74. By whichever collection of designation-methods the types of designations are determined, that collection of designation-methods is complete. Because it is to be asked "Which is the descent-method collection?", it begins with "Among these, which is the descent-method collection?" Because it is to be asked "Among these, in that verse, which faculties are determined, and by which determined phenomena does one descend?", it is said "Therefore..." and so on. The verse that begins "Therefore, for the protected mind..." was spoken. In that verse, by the passage from the discourse "Therefore... (etc.)... as its forerunner," rightly... When a view is grasped, by grasping right view, the five faculties, the five faculties beginning with faith, become grasped. These same five faculties beginning with faith, either by being helpful to knowledge or by being the proximate cause of knowledge, become knowledge. From the arising of knowledge, from the arising of such knowledge, from the cause of arising, the cessation of ignorance comes to be. From the cessation of ignorance, the cessation of formations comes to be… From the cessation of birth, the cessation of old age and death comes to be. This penetration is called the penetration of the five faculties by dependent origination. These same five faculties are comprised by the three aggregates: the aggregate of morality, the aggregate of concentration, and the aggregate of wisdom. This is because morality arises from faith and energy, and mindfulness follows wisdom. This penetration is called the penetration of the five faculties by the aggregates. These same five faculties are included in formations. Those formations which are taintless, which are not conditions for becoming, not causes for becoming, those taintless formations are comprised in the element of phenomena by being included within the element of phenomena. This penetration is called the penetration of the five faculties by the elements. That taintless element of phenomena is included in the sense-base of phenomena, which sense-base is taintless, which is not a condition for becoming, not a cause for becoming. This penetration is called the penetration of the element of phenomena by the sense-bases. Because it is to be said, "This much is the complete penetration and collection of meanings," it is said, "the assigned penetration and collection of meanings." The meaning to be understood is that by whichever specific explanation, which is a penetration and collection of meanings, the meanings of the Sutta passages are to be penetrated, that specific explanation, which is a penetration and collection of meanings, is to be assigned, determined appropriately, and applied. Thus, composed in the penetration and collection of meanings according to one's strength and ability. The explanation is finished. But by the wise… is to be understood. From here onwards, the meaning of the connection beginning with "What is there?" and at the end, the meaning of the connection beginning with "assigned" should be understood according to the method stated. In some readings, it is unclear. We shall explain according to our ability. 13. Elucidation of the Sodhana-hāra-sampāta 75. "Where" means in which question. If the meaning of the beginning is pure and complete, that question is fully answered without remainder. But where the meaning of the beginning is not pure, incomplete, and something remains to be answered, that question is not yet answered. 15. Elucidation of the Parikkhāra-hāra-sampāta 77. By the phrase "Therefore, for one whose mind is guarded," the mindfulness-restraint that is stated, this mindfulness-restraint is a requisite for tranquility. By the phrase "whose domain is right thought," the right thought that is stated, that right thought is a requisite for insight. Thus, it should be divided and connected. 16. Elucidation of the Samāropana-hāra-sampāta 78. By the phrase "Therefore, for one whose mind is guarded," the guarded mind that is stated, that guarded mind is the proximate cause for the three good deeds. When right view is developed, the Noble Eightfold Path is developed, because they are to be developed together, and because of being the proximate cause. Therefore it is said: "For from right view..." and so on. For which Arahant there is liberation through concentration, this Arahant is a person without remainder. This liberation through concentration is the Nibbāna-element without remainder. Because it is to be asked: "By which Desanā-hāra-sampāta and so on, are the meanings of the Sutta passages determined and connected in sixteen different ways? By what should we believe in this sixteenfold division?" Therefore, "By that it is said..." and so on, is stated. By that sixteenfold division, the Venerable Mahākaccāna spoke the words: "Sixteen... (etc.)... Sutta." By those words, you should believe in the sixteenfold division. Because it is to be said: "This much of the hāra-sampāta is complete," therefore "the hāra-sampāta is appointed" is stated. By whichever special mode of explanation, by the Desanā-hāra-sampāta, the meanings of the Sutta passages are determined, that special mode of explanation, that Desanā-hāra-sampāta and other hāra-sampātas, are appointed to be determined and connected appropriately. This meaning is to be understood in the commentary. and (Netti. Atth. 73, 76) thus determined and applied. Thus, the exposition, composed according to the strength of the beings, with the method of the teaching and other methods, is completed. However, the profound meaning should be taken by the wise, after being extensively analyzed according to the commentaries and sub-commentaries. Explanation of the Origin of the Method 79. By whichever specific exposition, such as the method of the teaching and other methods, the meaning of a single Sutta passage is determined and analyzed, that specific exposition, the method of the teaching and other methods, is complete. Because it is to be asked, "What is the origin of the method?", "What is the origin of the method there?" and so on, is begun. In the commentary, however, it is said: "Having thus shown the analysis of the methods by way of various Suttas and by way of a single Sutta, now to show the analysis of the method, 'What is the origin of the method there?' and so on, is begun" (Netti. Atth. 79). The reason for beginning "What is the origin of the method there?" and so on, without beginning "What is the Nandiyāvaṭṭa method there?