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to arrange the water seat; If he does not do so, though capable, sent by the Mahāthera. 421. Having swept, having lit (a lamp), having arranged the water seat. Having established the group's resolution thus, the Uposatha should be done in three ways. "May the venerable ones listen to me, today is the fifteenth Uposatha, if it is suitable for the venerable ones, let us perform the Uposatha of mutual purification." 422. Having made the robe over one shoulder, having sat in a squatting posture. By the Elder, having raised the añjali thus, it should be declared. "I am pure, friends, hold me as pure," he should say up to three times. 423. With the preliminary actions completed, by the new one, it should be declared thus. "I am pure, venerable sir, hold me as pure," he should say up to three times. 424. It should be done by the Elder for two (monks), having done so, the new one should declare thus. "I am pure, friend, hold me as pure," it should be said three times. 425. By the new one, the Elder three times, should be addressed thus: "I am pure, venerable sir, hold me as pure." 426. Having completed the preliminary actions, each one should resolve thus: "Today is my Uposatha, the fifteenth, or the fourteenth, I resolve," it should be said. If he does not resolve, a dukkaṭa. 427. Where four dwell, or three, or two; Having brought the purification, for each one, the others; Should perform that Uposatha, there would be an offence of dukkaṭa. In a united group, perceiving it as divided, or being confused; Doing a minor offense with intent to schism, it's a grave offense; In a united group, there is no offense, if one perceives it as united. 429. Of one suspended, of a layperson, Of other co-religionists; Of one who has committed a pārājika, who is incapable, And of one who has renounced the training. 430. And in an assembly that is sitting, And similarly, one who has a shared offense; By one who is surrounded by desire, The Pātimokkha should not be recited. 431. Without having declared an offense, Without having clarified doubt; Or to perform on a non-Uposatha day, The Uposatha is not permissible. 432. From a dwelling where Uposatha is established, One should not depart on that day, unless; There is an obstacle, or to establish the Sangha, Or just the boundary. 45. Explanation of Pavāraṇā. Pavāraṇā is – 433. Of two, of three, and of four, Mutual Pavāraṇā; And for one, a determination, The rest are Sangha Pavāraṇā. 434. And when the preliminary duties are done, When the proper time has arrived; Having set aside the motion by the Sangha, Pavāraṇā should be performed thus. Let the Sangha, venerable sirs, hear me. Today is the Pavāraṇā, the fifteenth day. If it is suitable for the Sangha, the Sangha should perform Pavāraṇā. 435. Having arranged the robe over one shoulder, Having sat in a squatting posture; The Sangha, by the elder, with joined hands, Having raised them, it is declared. 436. "Friends, I invite the Sangha to admonish me for what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will rectify it. A second time... A third time, friends, I invite the Sangha to admonish me for what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will rectify it." 437. While the elders are performing Pavāraṇā, The junior, sitting in a squatting posture; Until he himself performs Pavāraṇā, He should remain squatting. 438. Having completed the preliminary preparations, The junior should address the Sangha. 439. "Venerable sirs, I invite the Sangha to admonish me for what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will rectify it. A second time... A third time, venerable sirs, I invite the Sangha to admonish me for what has been seen, or heard..." or by suspicion. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends.” 440. By giving, by Dhamma discussion, and by quarrels at night; Because the three-time (pavāraṇā) was spent in an open place; Due to ten kinds of obstacles, having spoken the appropriate motion. 441. “May the Sangha hear me, venerable sirs. When people were giving gifts, and two bhikkhus were discussing the Dhamma, the night was mostly spent in quarreling. If the Sangha were to perform the three-time pavāraṇā, the Sangha would remain un-pavāraṇā-ed, and then this night would pass. This is an obstacle from kings, this is an obstacle from thieves, this is an obstacle from fire, this is an obstacle from water, this is an obstacle from humans, this is an obstacle from non-humans, this is an obstacle from wild beasts, this is an obstacle from creeping things, this is an obstacle to life, this is an obstacle to the holy life. If the Sangha were to perform the three-time pavāraṇā, the Sangha would remain un-pavāraṇā-ed, and then this would be an obstacle to the holy life. If it is suitable for the Sangha, may the Sangha perform the two-time, the one-time, or the same-year pavāraṇā.” 442. They should perform pavāraṇā appropriately, with the motion as established; If equals should come, they should bring them here first. 443. Thus, a group of three or four, having spoken the motion, should perform pavāraṇā. “May the venerable ones hear me. Today is the pavāraṇā, the fifteenth day. If it is suitable for the venerable ones, let us perform pavāraṇā to one another.” 444. Having made the outer robe over one shoulder, and sitting in a squatting posture; The elder, raising his joined hands, should speak thus. 445. “I, friends, invite the venerable ones (to speak) concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends. A second time… (and so on)… A third time, I, friends, invite the venerable ones (to speak) concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends.” Even a junior (should say): “I, venerable sirs, invite the venerable ones (to speak) concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable ones speak to me out of compassion. May the venerable ones speak to me, out of compassion; seeing it, I will rectify it. A second time... A third time, venerable sirs, I invite the venerable ones concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. May the venerable ones speak to me, out of compassion; seeing it, I will rectify it. 446. By two elders it should be done; a junior, having done thus, should speak. 447. "I, friend, invite the venerable one concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. May the venerable one speak to me, out of compassion; seeing it, I will rectify it. A second time... A third time, I, friend, invite the venerable one concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. May the venerable one speak to me, out of compassion; seeing it, I will rectify it." Even by a junior: "I, venerable sir, invite the venerable one concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. May the venerable one speak to me, out of compassion; seeing it, I will rectify it. A second time... A third time, I, venerable sir, invite the venerable one concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. May the venerable one speak to me, out of compassion; seeing it, I will rectify it." 448. Having completed the preliminary duties, each one should make a determination. It should be said: "Today is my Pavāraṇā, the fourteenth or the fifteenth, I determine." 449. Where five dwell, or four, or three, or two; having carried out the Pavāraṇā, for each one, separately. 450. They should perform that Pavāraṇā; there would be an offense of wrong-doing. The rest, spoken in the Uposatha, those verses should be brought here. 451. Indeed, when the Saṅgha has performed Pavāraṇā, the Uposatha of purification should be performed by one whose Rains-residence is broken, or one who has not resided, or one who has not arrived. 452. And also at the four-monthly (Pavāraṇā), when the Saṅgha has performed the Uposatha; those who have completed the Rains-residence should perform Pavāraṇā, if they are fewer. 46. The Exposition on Restraint Restraint means – 453. Through the distinctions of eye, ear, etc., in the sphere of visible forms, sounds, etc., one should prevent the arising of covetousness, ill-will, etc. 454. One should restrain one's own mind, like a difficult-to-manage animal, such as a wild ox. Mindful and clearly comprehending, and... are, he makes all efforts. 47. Explanation of Purity Purity means – 455. Instruction, restraint, seeking, and review, by these divisions, purity is fourfold, approved as the Pātimokkha restraint. Being pure by instruction, it is called purity by instruction. 456. “I will not do so again,” by this resolve of mind, restraint; It is called purity by restraint, the restraint of the senses is purified. 457. Abandoning wrong seeking, generating by right seeking; Being pure by seeking, it is called purity by seeking, dependent on livelihood. 458. Wisely reflecting, one uses robes; And so forth, as stated, purification by review; It is called purity by review, dependent on requisites. 48. Explanation of Contentment Contentment means – 459. With little, blameless, content with what is easily obtained; Knowing the measure, easy to support, he should live revering the good Dhamma. 460. Not grieving over the past, not longing for the future; Sustaining oneself with the present, he is called content. 49. Explanation of the Four Protections The four protections are – 461. Recollection of the Buddha, loving-kindness, foulness, and mindfulness of death; Worthy of protection and so forth, rightly by oneself and from the Buddha. 462. “The Fully Self-Awakened One,” this recollection again and again; Of the nine qualities of the Blessed One, that is recollection of the Buddha.