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is produced by that. Thus, it is a compound meaning “produced from that.” From the beginning, the three blankets, meaning the three blankets of pure silk, black, and two-part, from the beginning. 391. If he does not obtain it thus, if the one who makes it allowable by exchanging it does not obtain it thus, that layman should be told, “Discard this!” This is the connection: if such a layman who discards money does not obtain it, the appointed monk should discard it. Appointed, the monk appointed for discarding money, endowed with the five qualities mentioned in “who would not go by way of desire” and so forth. 392. These, the received money. A second bowl, if there is less than five ties, it is allowable to declare the requested bowl to the Sangha. This is the connection of words. To declare, to declare, “Venerable sirs, I have received money” and so forth. The remaining objects of relinquishment are allowable to declare to the Sangha or to a group. This is the connection. It is allowable to declare even in another language, not only in the Pāli language, but also in Sinhala and other languages, it is allowable to relinquish. This is the meaning. 393. (Ka) Of various kinds, in terms of allowable goods such as robes and so forth. various kinds. Buying is taking, selling is giving. Buying and selling is trade. (Ga) By having less than five ties, means: by which there are less than five ties, by that, this is an instrumental case for a characteristic of such a state. However, if a bowl has five ties, or has room for five ties, it is not a bowl (fit for use). It is proper to make known another. 394. Having authorized, means: having authorized by a motion followed by a second announcement as stated in the word-division. "The last bowl of the Sangha" means: by the word 'last', the inferior bowl that is at the end of the bowls is taken. having spoken of the existing qualities of the relinquished bowl to the elder, having made the second elder take the elder's bowl, and by this same method, having made the newest member of the Sangha take a bowl, the bowl that is the very last among the bowls of the Sangha assembled there, that is "the bowl". "To him" means to the bhikkhu who has made the relinquishment. "He should cause to be given" means he should cause it to be given by the authorized bowl-receiver. 395. (Ka) "Medicine" means: whether it performs a medicinal function or not, that which is commonly called thus, like ghee, etc., for a period of seven days. (Kha) In the last month of the hot season, the first half-month is the field for seeking and making (robes). The last half-month is the field for seeking, making, and wearing (robes). All four months of the rainy season, along with the determination, are the field for all four (types of robes). These five months are the "belly-period" (period of urgency). The other seven months are the "back-period" (period of non-urgency). For one who seeks during the back-period, there is an offense of relinquishment and expiation. And for one who wears (a robe) having made it exceed a half-month during the belly-period, there is an offense of relinquishment and expiation. Therefore it is said, "when more than a month remains." (Ga) "Having given it oneself" means: having given it oneself, expecting services etc. in return. "Taken away" means: seeing that he does not do it, taken away with the thought of it being one's own. For a bhikkhu, taking away any other requisite apart from a robe, and for an unordained person, taking away any requisite whatsoever, is an offense of wrong-doing. One who takes away what was given after relinquishment, without the thought of it being one's own, should be made to pay the price of the goods. (Ṅa) "Designating" means: an additional regulation such as "make it long and make it wide." (Ca) An urgent robe is an emergency robe given by one of those who are going on a journey, sick, pregnant, or newly ordained, from the fifth day of the bright half of the month of invitation, saying, "I will give a robe for the rainy season." The robe-period for an urgent robe is one month and eleven days if the kathina is not spread, and five months and eleven days if the kathina is spread. For one who exceeds that, there is an offense of relinquishment and expiation. Therefore it is said, "exceeds the robe-period." That time and that season is the robe-period; that. (Cha) A bhikkhu who has entered the rainy season retreat and is dwelling in a fearful forest dwelling place, having gone to the front and been invited at the great invitation with one of the three robes, and it being the month of Kattika, and the dwelling place being within a range of five hundred bows, and it being dangerous and fearful—with such a four-fold accomplishment as described, having left the robe in the inner house, if there is a reason, he may be separated from that robe for a maximum of six nights. If he is separated for more than that, there is an offense of relinquishment and expiation. Therefore it is said, "more than six nights," and so on. (Ja) Knowing, one who knows. 396. As in the beginning, as in the first offense of relinquishment. 397. (Kha) The class of offenses called "to be confessed" is described in the case of receiving food and so on from the hand of a bhikkhuni who has entered the inner house, and in the case of a bhikkhuni who is making a request in the manner of "give cakes here, soup" and so on, when bhikkhus are eating in families, without being displeased, and in the case of receiving food and so on from families considered as trainees where one was not invited beforehand, and in the case of receiving food and so on without having previously informed when dwelling in a fearful forest dwelling place. Therefore it is said, "reprehensible," and so on. 398. "Not leading to confession," and so on, is the action in "should not confess." Parajika and Sanghadisesa are called "not leading to confession." Not an offense is no offense; that. Confessed confession is confessed. The connection is "does not confess to those who are in different communities and outside the boundary." Thus four. should not declare with five, should not declare with mind, should not declare to those who are not prepared, should not declare many as "one." "With mind" means solely with the mind. "Many" means saying "one" for many offenses. But it is permissible to declare one offense as "many." The explanation of declaration is finished. 43. Explanation of Giving Consent 399. "Fit for the act" means suitable, appropriate for the act of Uposatha and so on. "Assembled in the Sangha" means gathered in one place in a Sangha of four or more. Here, the Sangha of four or more should be understood to include the one bringing the consent. 400. To show the method of giving consent and so on, he says "one" and so on. "Having approached" means having declared the existing offense and then having approached afterwards. "Gives consent" means one who has performed Uposatha outside with one of the three mentioned below and has come back, should give consent; or one who has gone to the assembly place for some reason, not giving bodily presence, but giving purity, should give consent. 402. As to what is the purpose of giving both, he says "purity" and so on. The connection is: by giving purity, one accomplishes the Uposatha for the Sangha and also for oneself. Purity itself is purity, the giving of it, by that. Now, is not the act of Uposatha just the giving of purity? So, the giving of purity accomplishes one's own Uposatha, but how for the Sangha? It is said: by accomplishing the act of Dhamma through the giving of purity, it accomplishes the Uposatha for the Sangha as well. Here, however, if one brings the consent and purity of one out of four, and the three perform the Uposatha of purity, or if one brings the consent and purity of one out of three, and the two recite the Pātimokkha, it is an Uposatha act of a faction, not according to Dhamma. If four perform the Uposatha of purity, or if three or two recite the Pātimokkha, it is a unanimous act, not according to Dhamma. If one out of four brings it and the three recite the Pātimokkha, or if one out of three brings it and the two perform the Uposatha of purity, it is an act of a faction, according to Dhamma. But if four assemble and recite the Pātimokkha they declare. Three perform the purification Uposatha. Two perform the mutual purification Uposatha, in accordance with the Dhamma, in harmony. And in Pavāraṇā ceremonies, among five, having brought the Pavāraṇā of one, four perform Pavāraṇā by establishing a group motion. Among four or three, having brought the Pavāraṇā of one, three or two perform Pavāraṇā by establishing a Sangha motion. The Pavāraṇā ceremony (is) a schismatic act against the Dhamma, and so on, as already stated. "It obstructs the remaining acts" means it obstructs the remaining Sangha acts, because the intention is not attained, this is the meaning. 403. "Two" means both the performance of Uposatha and the remaining acts. "It does not accomplish one's own (purpose)" is to be connected (here). 404. "Should bring" means should bring the purification consent mentioned before, or this consent-purification. "Succession does not carry" means succession should not bring. "Why?" he said, "brought by succession," and so on. "By that" means by the one who first took the consent-purification. "Brought by succession" is like, in a cat's chain, the first ring reaches the second, but not the third; similarly, it comes to the second, but not to the third. Or the reading is: "Consent-purification brought by succession does not go." 405. "All preparations" means all preparations such as "having made the robe over one shoulder," and so on. 406. "He, having come, having announced, should perform Pavāraṇā to the Sangha" is the connection. "Then" means in the immediate sense. "Having come" means the bhikkhu who came