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making something foremost is 'purekkhāra'; its state is 'purekkhāratā'; making the Vinaya foremost is 'vinayapurekkhāratā' – he shows the meaning of the word. Here, the single 'e' of 'pura' is mentioned in grammar texts. Showing its appropriateness, he says, "Let them speak to me" and so on. 210. "All-inclusive" means that because it is generally said, "The Sangha should invite," it is inclusive of all, those with three declarations and so on. "Declaration" means that by this statement it makes known to the Sangha; therefore, it is a declaration. Elaborating on the state of being all-inclusive, he says, "For when it is said thus" and so on. "Three-declaration" means "three declarations are for this," or "it should be done with three declarations." The same method applies to the rest as well. "Of the same seniority" means "the same rains are for these," they are of the same seniority, and "it should be done by them." "Other" means two-declaration or one-declaration. 211. Regarding "they sit," showing the meaning of sitting down for the root 'ās' here, he says, "they are indeed seated." By "they do not stand up," he shows the consequence. Regarding "in the meantime," here, where "tadantarā" should be said, it is said with the insertion of 'm' by way of euphonic connection. (The commentator) says "in the meantime." In the interval of his own time of having made the invitation. To show the precise meaning of the word "as long as they invite," it is said "that much time." Since "yāva" is used as a particle, it should be understood that in "tadamantarā" here, the fifth case ending is in the sense of 'up to' or 'within a limit'. 121. The account of the divisions of Pavāraṇā. 212. (Regarding) the fourteenth day, having been postponed due to being troubled by quarrelsome people, on the fourteenth day of the dark half of the first Kattika month. The meaning is that the preliminary duty, "Today is the Pavāraṇā, the fifteenth day," should be done. "In the Pavāraṇā acts" is the locative of determination, to be connected with "a Pavāraṇā act done unlawfully and divided," and so on. Here, "unlawfully and divided," "unlawful" means being a Sangha, yet not performing the Sangha Pavāraṇā but performing a group Pavāraṇā, and being a group, yet not performing a group Pavāraṇā but performing a Sangha Pavāraṇā. "Divided" means the non-assembly of all, even those dwelling within one boundary. Here, "unlawfully and united," "unlawful" is as explained. "United" means the assembly of all together. Here, "lawfully and divided," "lawful" means being a Sangha, performing the Sangha Pavāraṇā, and being a group, performing a group Pavāraṇā. "Divided" is as explained. "Lawfully and united" is easily understood. The word "iti" is for conclusion. 213. "Thus given" means given in the manner stated in the Pāli. "Should invite" means one should perform the Pavāraṇā for those who have spent the Rains. "Tissa" means the one named Tissa. The connection is "or let him speak with what is seen." "Him" refers to the bhikkhu named Tissa. The meaning is "the Sangha, out of compassion, should speak." "Older" means the one giving the Pavāraṇā is older than the one taking it away. "Indeed" means one who has attained qualities. "By him" means by the one taking away the Pavāraṇā. "To him" means to the one giving the Pavāraṇā. "And also here" means also in this chapter on Pavāraṇā. The word "api" refers to the chapter on Uposatha. "For the purpose of other acts" means the connection is that it is for the purpose of acts remaining from the Pavāraṇā act. (The commentator) says regarding Pavāraṇā... This is the interpretation of "aṭāya satiyāti". And of him means and of the giver of the invitation. Of all means of the giver of the invitation and of the Saṅgha, of all. But another act means but an act other than the invitation act. But by that bhikkhu means but by the bhikkhu who gives the invitation. And here, for the invitation of that day, if for oneself and for the Saṅgha it is only the invitation act, only the invitation should be given. Then if it is only another act, only the consent should be given. If it is both the invitation act and another act, both the invitation and the consent should be given. Referring to that, it was said: "By one giving the invitation on that day of invitation, consent should also be given." (Mahāvagga 213) By that means by the reason of giving. 218. Here, regarding "Today is my invitation," showing a commentary method different from the Pāli method, he said, "If," and so on. 219. "Just the method stated" means just the method stated in the Uposatha Khandhaka (Mahāvagga Commentary 169). 222. Here, regarding "it should be invited again," showing that not only the invitation should be done again, but also the preliminary duties etc. should be done again, he said, "Again the preliminary duties," and so on. 228. "This is the method" means "Today is the invitation, the fifteenth day" thus it extends to the preliminary duties. Of it means of the word. The motion means "May the Saṅgha, sirs, listen to me, today is the invitation," thus the motion. By the latter ones means by the bhikkhus who have entered the latter rainy season. At the Uposatha house means in the house, the place for holding the Uposatha. Two motions means the invitation motion and the Uposatha motion, thus two motions. And this means but this which will be said. Here means at the meeting place of the former and latter bhikkhus. "By those who have entered the former" is a separated ablative, an ablative whose scope is to be inferred. The connection is 'fewer', or a co-occurrence, the connection is 'equal'. "Equal" means by equality, or equal by equality, equal, the meaning is 'more than equal'. The intention is there is nothing less or more. "Thus" means this characteristic. He means the latter bhikkhu. By the other means by the latter one. Of them means of the former ones. By one means of the former. by one. By one, meaning by the last one. Again by one, meaning by the last one. "By one" should be understood as repeated, meaning by the first one. More than those who entered the rains-retreat earlier, this is the connection. Fewer, meaning fewer than those who entered the rains-retreat later, and fewer than those who entered the rains-retreat earlier, this is the explanation. On Katthika, meaning on the last Katthika. On the four-month Pavāraṇā, meaning on the Pavāraṇā that completes four months. Having set aside the Pavāraṇā motion, meaning even if they are equal, since it is the day of Pavāraṇā, having set aside the Pavāraṇā motion. By them, meaning by the later ones. By the others, meaning by the earlier ones. Of them, meaning of the later ones. Or fewer, meaning one or fewer. Of them, meaning of the earlier ones. By them, meaning by the later ones. 233. Regarding the unity of the Sangha, what kind of unity of the Sangha should be understood? It says, "It should be understood as similar to the unity of Kosambi." Here, meaning in the Pavāraṇā of unity. For a small matter, meaning for a small dispute arising concerning robes and bowls. On the day of Pavāraṇā itself, meaning on the day of Pavāraṇā itself. On what day should the Pavāraṇā of unity be performed? It says, "the Pavāraṇā of unity," and so on. The first Pavāraṇā, meaning the full moon of the earlier Katthika. "Up to the full moon of the Katthika four-month period" this limit is called an "uninclusive limit." Why? Because it is to be taken as within, excluding the full moon of the Katthika four-month period. Within this, meaning within the interval of these two full moons, on a day of approximately twenty-eight days, it should be done. From that, meaning from those twenty-eight days counted as being within this interval. 140. Discourse on the two-utterance Pavāraṇā, etc. 234. Even by one who sets the motion, the word "even" indicates that not only by one who performs Pavāraṇā should the two-utterance Pavāraṇā be performed, but also by one who sets the motion, the motion for a two-utterance Pavāraṇā should be set. And here, meaning in the reading "Let him perform Pavāraṇā with one of the same rains-residence." Of the same rains-residence, meaning those for whom the rains-residence is the same by count, or those who were ordained in the same rains-residence. At once, meaning at one moment, or with one strike. 141. Discourse on the setting aside of Pavāraṇā 236. All of it. It includes all means all-inclusive. The setting aside of a person is personal. Therein means in the two settings aside of invitation. It is set aside in the all-inclusive is the connection. As long as the letter 're' exists, so long is the connection. It was spoken means spoken. It was uttered means uttered. It was not concluded means unconcluded. Between these means between the letters 'su' and 're'. Even in one word the word 'pi' summarizes the meaning "even in one letter." Set aside means set aside by a motion: "May the Sangha, venerable sirs, listen to me. This person, so-and-so, is guilty of an offense. We set aside his invitation." In 'yyakāra' means in the 'yyakāra' of "pavāreyyā." From there means from the 'yyakāra'. But in the personal setting aside, it is not set aside is the connection. From 'saṃkāra' means from the 'saṃkāra' in "Saṅghaṃ bhante." The very last means in the third repetition of the three repetitions, the last letter 'ṭi' exists for all letters. Between these means between the 'saṃkāra' and 'ṭikāra'. Therefore means because it is concluded, therefore. Expanding on the statement "This is the method," he says "even in these," etc. Therein, even in these means even in the two-word, one-word, and same-year cases. The word 'pi' refers to the three-word case. The field of setting aside means the ground of setting aside. The word 'iti' is for conclusion. 237.Being questioned here, the word 'anuyuñja' means "to ask," so he says "being asked." From another means in another chapter (Mahāvagga 237).