English
"Maṅkubhūtāttha" (you have become confused) means you have become confused, or you have attained confusion. "They" are the defeated monks. "Of him" means "of the novice." "He" is the novice. "They" are the defeated monks. "Him" means "the novice." "He" is the young one. "From that" means "from the cause of the assembly." "Yesterday" means "on the immediately preceding day." "Thus" means "he speaks thus." "He" is the young one. The explanation is: "This training rule was laid down." "Go" means "go!" The explanation is: "Thus it should be said." The explanation is: "Having settled the dispute with the Sangha, a monk who has gone to the monastery." "Why?" means "for what reason?" The explanation is: "Should it not be settled in this manner, in this way?" "He" is the monk who settles the dispute. The giver of consent is easily understood. Description of the origin of disputes, etc. 342. In "Kiṃnidāna" (what is the origin) etc., showing the compound nature in the six terms, it says "kiṃnidānamassa" (what is its origin) etc. "Its" means "of the dispute-case." Even though the words "Kiṃnidāna" are a compound, due to the nature of ending in a consonant, "kiṃ" should be pronounced with a nasal ending. "All these" means all these words like "nidāna" (origin) etc. "Synonyms" means in the single word "kāraṇa" (reason)... Here, various words are detailed explanations, and these are synonyms. Or, a detailed explanation is a varied word for this meaning, the meaning being counted as a cause. Because of the connection between the expressed and the expression, these are synonyms, words, of the detailed explanation. By "that which is counted as the eighteen kinds of dispute-causing things," it shows the nature of dispute. "Dispute" means the dispute counted as the eighteen kinds of dispute-causing things. This is the word "cause of dispute." "Of it" refers to the case of accusation. This also, the word "cause of accusation." "Of it" refers to the case of an offense. This is the word "cause of offense." "Kicca" (duty) is said to be "kiccaya" (to be done) by way of increasing the syllables. "Of it" refers to the case of duty. The connection is "the duties that arise, such as admonition." This is the word "cause of duty." "Single word connection" means connection with the single word "cause." "All words" means all words such as "origin" and so on. "Of the nine" is said in terms of a triad, because the six causes by way of birth are included in the nine. "Merely a syllable" means merely a syllable by way of cause and condition. "Hi" means truly, or because. "Here" refers to the explanation of the third question. 343. "The twelve roots": Here, showing the nature of the twelve roots, it says, "the pair of anger and resentment, etc." Here (Vibh. 833, 944), by the word "etc.", it includes five pairs: the pair of denigration and insolence, the pair of envy and avarice, the pair of deceit and craftiness, the pair of evil wishes and wrong views, and the pair of clinging to one's own views and not giving up what has been grasped. "Occurring in one's own mental continuum" means occurring in one's own mental continuum. Explaining the arising of the eighteen kinds of dispute-causing things, it says, "For that, indeed," etc. "That" refers to the case of accusation; the connection is "arises." And here, by "in these," it shows the state of being a locus (case). By "by these," it shows the state of being an instrument (cause). "Therefore" means by that cause. "Of it" refers to the case of dispute. These These are the eighteen kinds of matters. "In all cases" means in all origins of all disputes. 344. The connection is that "this is said concerning one dispute, the business dispute." "These" are the disputes. "Unilaterally" means by one part, by one section. "Indeed" means truly, or because. The connection is that just as an offense with remainder is settled, an offense without remainder is not settled. Why is it not settled? He says, "Indeed not," and so on. "Indeed" means because. "That" is an offense without remainder. "From that" means from an offense without remainder. And here, by "it cannot be confessed," he indicates the absence of confession-leading (to purification). By "it cannot... (etc.)... be established," he indicates the absence of rising-up-leading (to purification). 349. "From that" means from the method. The connection is "where there are six paired questions, such as the 'mindfulness-discipline'." "Of those" means of the questions. "Made manifest" means clear. 351. "Of both settlements" means of both settlements, namely the 'in-the-presence-discipline' and the 'mindfulness-discipline'. The connection is "because, for which reason, it is not possible." The connection is "the distinction of the layers of a plantain trunk." The connection is "the distinction of those, the 'in-the-presence-discipline' and the 'mindfulness-discipline'." And here is the connection: "Just as it is not possible to separate and show the distinction of the layers of a plantain trunk, so too it is not possible to separate and show the distinction of those." "Therefore" means for that reason. "In all cases" means in all explanations. Explanation of the Origins of the Seven Settlements 352. "Of that" means of the 'in-the-presence-discipline'. "There" means in the reading "origin, origin." "This" is the fourfold 'in-the-presence'. "One who has received reproach" means one by whom reproach from others has been received, i.e., an Arahant. The connection is "and from whom" means from whose presence. "Of both" means of the two, the speaker and the recipient. 353. "But in the question, 'of the seven settlements' was said, why then in the explanation was the origin of the 'in-the-presence-discipline' not mentioned?" He says, "Although," and so on. The connection is "although it was said there." Here, the word "although" has the meaning of possibility, and the word "but" has the meaning of censure. ho. So it is to be connected with "as it has been said". By the absence of inclusion in action, meaning, by the absence of inclusion in action. Therein, in that passage beginning "the performance of action". Action is performed by this, thus "performance", a declaration. Therefore it is said, "the performance of action is to be understood as a declaration." "Karaṇaṃ" (making/doing) means that which is made or established. "Upagamanaṃ" (approaching) means approaching by oneself. "Ajjhupagamanaṃ" (requesting) means causing another to approach by request. "Adhivāsanā" (assenting) means assenting. "Apaṭikkosanā" (not refusing) means not refusing. Thus, showing this meaning, he says, "karaṇaṃ means of that very thing," and so on. "Etaṃ" (this) is action. "Me" (to me) is for me. In the use of the root "kham" (to be patient), the dative case is used in the sense of the dative. Or "me" means by me. In the sense of "having done", it is the instrumental case, or the genitive case. "Khamati" (is patient/is suitable) is a passive form similar to an active form. Indeed, a passive form similar to an active form, as in "it is suitable for the Sangha" and so on. An active form similar to a passive form, as in "the lay follower undertakes the precept" and so on. Here, it should be understood that the "ya" suffix, which occurs in the sense of the passive, is elided. Explanation of the various meanings of the seven pacifications 354. This dispute is of mother and son, and so on, is the connection. By "because of contradictory speech", he shows the derivation: "vadanaṃ" is speech, "viruddho vādo" is contradictory speech, thus "vivādo" (dispute). By "for the sake of settlement", meaning, for the sake of pacification. By this, he shows the meaning of the word "adhikaraṇaṃ" (legal question) as: "it is settled, it is pacified by pacifications, thus 'adhikaraṇaṃ'". "Everywhere", meaning, in all types of legal questions. Thus, the connection in the explanation of the types of legal questions is completed. The second verse summary Explanation of the questioning and answering regarding accusation and so on 359. In the second verse summary, after showing what "accusation" is, he says: "Accusation is showing the ground and the offense." "Dosaṃ sarāpetīti" (causes to remember the fault) is "dosasāraṇā" (reminding of the fault). "Saṅghasannipātoti" (the assembly of the Sangha) is the gathering of the Sangha. By this, he shows the elision of the latter part of the word in "Saṅgho" here. In "matikammaṃ" (formal act), the word "mati" means "wish", so he says: "it is called the taking of a decision." That is "matikammaṃ". "By that accused person" "For removal" is the causative action in the word. "Of that person" means of that accused person. This shows the object of the word "for punishment." "There" means in that place of dispute resolution. "For taking up" means for examining and taking up. "Right and wrong" means what is true and what is not true. "For concluding the dispute" shows the remaining part of the text in the Pāli. "Do not be angry" - here the word *paṭigha* means anger, so it says "do not generate anger." "Whether in the accused or the accuser" - this rejects "in the Sangha" as the locus. "If you are the investigator" - here the word *anuvijjaka* means one who knows the Vinaya, so it says "Vinaya-holder." Indeed, because the Vinaya-holder, having inferred the words of the accuser and the accused, knows them in terms of the case, the offense, and so on, therefore he is called an investigator. "Contentious" means that which causes a contrary grasp. "Not you" and so on, shows the nature of the *ṇika* suffix. "By which" means by which speech. Showing the nature of the Suttas and so on, it says "Sutta is called" and so on. "The duty of investigation" means the duty of investigation, or the duty in investigation. "By one skillful and intelligent" - here the word *kusala* means expert, and the word *buddhimantu* means wise, so it says "by an expert