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he knows the designation completely. 872. He who learns and questions this supreme teaching, which has attained the unsurpassed state, he is disciplined in the Vinaya of body and speech, having attained the unsurpassed state from the supreme. The Discourse on Characteristics. 873. Now, I will speak further of the complete compilation of all sixteen chapters of the Parivāra. 874. How many offenses are stated? How many are bodily, how many verbal? How many offenses are committed by one who conceals? How many are due to association? 875. Bodily offenses are six kinds, and verbal ones are also six. For one who conceals, there are three. Five are due to association. condition. 876. How many root offenses, Were taught by the Great Seer? How many offenses are stated, In covering up a serious fault? 877. Indeed, there are two root offenses, Body and speech they are; Pārājika and Pācitti, Occur in covering up a serious fault. 878. How many are stated between villages, And how many across a river? How many are serious offenses in meat, How many are minor offenses in meats? 879. Between villages, there are four, Across a river, also that many; Serious offense in human meat, In nine meats, a minor offense. 880. A monk with a nun, If he makes an arrangement, it's a minor offense; Pācitti if he enters, The precincts of another village. 881. A serious offense in the enclosed area, In the first step of the village; Grave in the second for her, When she goes between villages. 882. Likewise, with a nun, In making an arrangement, it's a minor offense; If he boards a boat, It's a Pācitti for the monk. 883. At the time of crossing a river, If his foot touches, it's a serious offense; In the first, in the second for her, It is grave for the nun. 884. How many verbal at night, How many verbal by day? Two verbal at night, Two verbal by day. 885. At night in darkness with a man; Standing without a lamp within arm's reach; Pācitti for her if she speaks; If she speaks far away, it's a minor offense. 886. By day, if she is covered with a man; Standing and speaking within arm's reach; Pācitti, but if she leaves arm's reach; And speaks, it's a minor offense for her. 887. How many when giving, How many when receiving? Three when giving, Four when receiving. 888. If he gives poison to a human, And if that person dies by it; It is Pārājika, for a yakkha, For a peta, if dead, a serious offense. 889. For an animal, if dead by it, It would be Pācitti; Likewise, Pācitti if he gives a robe, To a non-relative woman. 890. In taking by hand, likewise in taking by braid, It is a Saṅghādisesa; In taking the genital organ by mouth, It is a defeat (Pārājika). 891. From the hand of a non-relative woman, In receiving a robe; San and a pācittiya for throwing away, is taught (or learned). 892. From the hand of one who has emitted semen, or if one has emitted semen oneself; there is a serious offense for her, who receives food. 893. How many designations by a ñatti-catuttha, are stated here? Only one is declared, the designation for instructing bhikkhunis. 894. How many kinds of grain-juice are stated, as allowable in the wrong time? One, salt-sour gruel, is considered allowable in the wrong time. 895. How many pārājikas are by body? How many grounds for co-residence? For how many is the night-break, prescribed, and how many are two-fingered? 896. Two pārājikas are by body, two grounds for co-residence; the night-break for two, and two "two-fingered" are prescribed. 897. The first and the final matter, and that arising from bodily contact; these two pārājikas, indeed arise from the body. 898. One ground for co-residence is of the same community; and likewise, one preceded by different offenses; indeed, there are only two grounds for co-residence, stated by the compassionate Great Seer. 899. For a bhikkhu undergoing probation, and likewise for one undergoing penance; the night-break for these two, was explained by the one who transcended duality. 900. Up to two finger-joints, should be taken, and likewise; two finger-joints or two months, two "two-fingered" are prescribed. 901. How many (offenses) in killing living beings? How many verbal pārājikas? How many are stated in boasting? And how many in acting as a go-between? 902. Three in killing living beings; three verbal pārājikas; three are stated in boasting; and three in acting as a go-between. 903. If one strikes without specific intent, and a human dies from the injury; it would be a pārājika. If a yakkha or peta dies, it's a serious offense. 904. If an animal dies there, one should say it's a pācittiya. These are the three offenses, that would be in killing living beings. 905. For killing a human, for stealing, and for claiming superhuman attainments; for speaking of superhuman states, three are verbal (offenses). 906. If one points to the two paths, and speaks of their qualities, it's a serious offense; it's a serious offense if one points, from above the knees to below the armpits. 907. But if one points from above the armpits or below the knees and speaks; a dukkaṭa is prescribed. These are the three (offenses of) boasting. what is this. 908. By receiving and so on, three are Saṅghādisesa; By two, a Thullaccaya is said, but by one, a Dukkata. 909. How many offenses for cutting? How many for discarding requisites? For cutting, there are three, for discarding requisites, five. 910. It is Pārājika for him who cuts a forest tree; For a living plant, Pācitti, for genitals, Thullaccaya. 911. If one discards poison without intent, and a human dies by it; Pārājika. If a yakkha dies, or a peta, it would be Thullaccaya. 912. For an animal, Pācitti; for discarding a bone, serious; For discarding urine or feces, it is considered Dukkata. 913. How many offenses for one walking? How many for one standing, tell me? How many for one sitting? And how many for one lying down? 914. For one walking, there are four, and for one standing, the same; For one sitting, there are four, and for one lying down, the same. 915. For a bhikkhu with a bhikkhunī, in an arrangement, it is Dukkata; Pācitti, if she enters the precincts of another village. 916. Thullaccaya in the enclosed area, in the first step of the village; Serious in the second, for her going to another village. 917. In a concealed place, a bhikkhunī with a male friend; If she stands within arm's reach of a man, it is Pācitti. 918. If she stands having left the arm's reach, it is Dukkata; At the time of dawn, the second arm's reach. 919. For her standing having left it, Thullaccaya is declared; If she stands having left it, it is Saṅghādisesa. 920. For one sitting, there are four, and for one lying down, the same; They are of the kind stated, to be understood by one skilled in Vinaya. 921. How many offenses are stated in the "up to three times" rule, tell me? Listen, three offenses are stated in the "up to three times" rule. 922. One incurs a Pārājika offense by following an expelled bhikkhu; Saṅghādisesa for following one who causes a schism in the Saṅgha. 923. Anissaggiya Pācitti for a wicked view; These three offenses are in the "up to three times" rule. 924. How many for eating? Seen, how many due to food? But for one eating, three, five reasons for food. 925. A grave offense for humans, eating meat, a wrong-doing; But for others, a pācittiya, for one consuming garlic. 926. From the hand of a lustful person, indeed, lustful; Having taken any food, all meat is improper. 927. Having made known for oneself, and having taken food; And having mixed garlic, for one consuming it all together. 928. A grave offense and a pācittiya, and a pāṭidesanīya; A wrong-doing and a serious one, thus there are five offenses. 929. For one looking, how many offenses are specified, say? For one looking, one offense is specified by the Great Seer. 930. A wrong-doing with a lustful mind, the private parts of a woman; Or said for one looking at the mouth of a woman giving alms. 931. How many suspended ones are said, how many right behaviors? Three suspended ones are said, forty-three behaviors. 932. Two for not seeing the offense, having fallen into an offense; One for not giving up, and for a wicked view. 933. How many ruined ones are said, for how many is there one declaration? Three ruined ones are said, for three there is one declaration. 934. The defiler of Mettiyā, and Kaṇṭaka, these three; Are indeed ruined by the penalties of mark and communion, in due order. 935. By one preceptor, and by one teacher; To instruct two or three, it is proper, so it is stated. 936. The proposal by motion, and also the uncompleted; And the past action, these are the three categories of action. 937. The proposal by motion is, "may he give" and so on; "The Sangha gives, does," and so on, would be the uncompleted. 938. "Given, done," and so on, would be the past action; Indeed, all actions are comprised by these three. 939. By the Sangha taking votes, and by action alone; But by two reasons, the Sangha is split, not otherwise. 940. For that monk who splits the Sangha, there would be a pārājika; For the monks who follow, a th A grave offense is declared. 941. By speech connected or unconnected, how many offenses does one incur? By speech connected or unconnected, six offenses indeed one incurs. 942. For the sake of livelihood, evil-wishing, with mind overcome by desire; Proclaiming a non-existent superior state, he is defeated. 943. Having incurred the offense of acting as a go-between, likewise it is a Saṅghādisesa; Whoever dwells in the monastery, speaking, incurs a grave offense. 944. Having requested choice food, a monk indeed eats it; For a monk, it is a Pācittiya; for a nun, it would be a Pāṭidesaniya. 945. Having requested soup or rice, a healthy person; If a monk eats it, for him there is an offense of wrong-doing. 946. Having concealed offenses for a thousand nights, indeed;