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for those deserving of Mānatta, for those undergoing Mānatta, and for those deserving of Abbhāna, this very practice should be known. However, in the practice of one undergoing Mānatta, the distinction is: "It must be announced daily." And concerning the breaks of night, "Indeed, Upāli, there are three breaks of night for a monk undergoing Pārivāsa: cohabitation, separation, and non-announcement." (Cūḷava. 83) By this, the cohabitation spoken of in the manner beginning with "in the same shelter with an ordinary monk," and the dwelling alone, and this non-announcement to newcomers and others, by even one of these three reasons, there is a break of night for the Pārivāsika monk. But for one undergoing Mānatta, "Indeed, Upāli, there are four breaks of night for a monk undergoing Mānatta: cohabitation, separation, non-announcement, and practicing in an incomplete group." By this, by even one of these four reasons, there is a break of night. Here, "group" means four or more. Therefore, even if he dwells with three monks, there is indeed a break of night. Thus, in the Pāḷimuttakavinayavinicchayasaṅgaha, the discourse on the determination of rising from grave offenses is concluded. 33. Discourse on the Determination of Valid and Invalid Acts 249. Here, concerning "Valid and Invalid Acts" (Pari. 482-484), there are four acts: the announcement act, the motion act, the motion-second act, the motion-fourth act. In how many ways do these four acts fail? They fail in five ways: by the ground, by the motion, by the announcement, by the boundary, by the assembly. How do acts fail by the ground? An act that should be done in presence is done not in presence; it is an invalid act, failed by the ground. An act that should be done by questioning is done without questioning; it is an invalid act, failed by the ground. To be done by admission... An act done without declaration, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Gives a declaration of non-delusion to one deserving a declaration of mindfulness, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs an act of censure on one deserving a declaration of non-delusion, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs an act of admonition on one deserving an act of censure, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs an act of suspension on one deserving an act of admonition, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs an act of banishment on one deserving an act of suspension, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs an act of reconciliation on one deserving an act of banishment, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs an act of suspension from communion on one deserving an act of reconciliation, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Gives probation to one deserving an act of suspension from communion, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Restores to original status one deserving probation, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Gives penance to one deserving restoration to original status, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Rehabilitates one deserving penance, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Gives higher ordination to one deserving rehabilitation, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs Uposatha on a non-Uposatha day, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Performs Pavāraṇā on a non-Pavāraṇā day, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Gives higher ordination to an eunuch, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Gives higher ordination to a person who is a thief-in-residence, one who has defected to another sect, an animal, a matricide, a parricide, a slayer of an Arahant, a defiler of a bhikkhuni, a schismatic of the Sangha, one who has caused blood to flow from a Buddha, one with both sexual characteristics, one under twenty years of age, an improper act, flawed in its basis. Thus, acts are flawed in their basis. How are acts flawed in their declaration? Acts are flawed in their declaration in five ways – does not refer to the basis, does not refer to the Sangha, does not refer to the individual, does not refer to the declaration, or places the declaration afterwards. By these five ways, acts are flawed in their declaration. How do acts fail due to announcement? Acts fail due to announcement in five ways – one does not refer to the matter, one does not refer to the Saṅgha, one does not refer to the individual, one omits the announcement, or announces at the wrong time. By these five ways, acts fail due to announcement. How do acts fail due to the boundary? Acts fail due to the boundary in eleven ways – one designates a boundary that is too small, one designates a boundary that is too large, one designates a boundary with a broken mark, one designates a boundary with a shadow mark, one designates a boundary with no mark, one designates a boundary while standing outside the boundary, one designates a boundary in a river, one designates a boundary in the ocean, one designates a boundary in a natural lake, one breaks a boundary with another boundary, one overlaps a boundary with another boundary. By these eleven ways, acts fail due to the boundary. How do acts fail due to the assembly? Acts fail due to the assembly in twelve ways – in an act requiring a quorum of four, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are not present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object, in an act requiring a quorum of four, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object, in an act requiring a quorum of four, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is brought, those present object. In an act requiring a quorum of five... In an act requiring a quorum of ten... In an act requiring a quorum of twenty, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are not present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object, in an act requiring a quorum of twenty, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object, in an act requiring a quorum of twenty, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is brought , being present, they protest. By these twelve modes, the acts of the assembly fail. In an act requiring four, four bhikkhus are fit and have attained the act, the rest are fit and worthy of consent. For whom the Sangha performs an act, he has neither attained the act nor is worthy of consent, but he is worthy of the act. In an act requiring five, five bhikkhus are fit and have attained the act, the rest are fit and worthy of consent. For whom the Sangha performs an act, he has neither attained the act nor is worthy of consent, but he is worthy of the act. In an act requiring ten, ten bhikkhus are fit and have attained the act, the rest are fit and worthy of consent. For whom the Sangha performs an act, he has neither attained the act nor is worthy of consent, but he is worthy of the act. In an act requiring twenty, twenty bhikkhus are fit and have attained the act, the rest are fit and worthy of consent. For whom the Sangha performs an act, he has neither attained the act nor is worthy of consent, but he is worthy of the act. 250. How many instances does an Apalokana act go to? How many instances do a Ñatti act, a Ñatti-dutiya act, a Ñatti-catuttha act go to? An Apalokana act goes to five instances. A Ñatti act goes to nine instances. A Ñatti-dutiya act goes to seven instances. A Ñatti-catuttha act goes to seven instances. Which five instances does an Apalokana act go to? Reinstatement, expulsion, the act of disgrace, the Brahma-punishment, and the mark of the act is the fifth. An Apalokana act goes to these five instances. Which nine instances does a Ñatti act go to? Reinstatement, expulsion, Uposatha, Pavāraṇa, authorization, giving, receiving, withdrawal, and the mark of the act is the ninth. A Ñatti act goes to these nine instances. Which seven instances does a Ñatti-dutiya act go to? Reinstatement, expulsion, authorization, giving, lifting, declaration, and the mark of the act is the seventh. A Ñatti-dutiya act goes to these seven instances. perishes. What are the seven instances that a four-part motion (ñatticatutthakamma) reaches? Removal, expulsion, appointment, giving, censure, admonition, and the seventh is the mark of the act itself. A four-part motion reaches these seven instances. This is the Pāli method. 251. This is the explanatory discourse from the beginning (Pari. Aṭṭha. 482) – An 'announcement act' (apalokanakamma) is an act to be done by purifying the Saṅgha within the boundary, gathering the consent of those whose consent is due, and having it announced three times with the approval of the harmonious Saṅgha. A 'motion act' (ñattikamma) is an act to be done with one motion, with the approval of the harmonious Saṅgha, in the manner stated. A 'two-part motion act' (ñattidutiyakamma) is an act to be done with one motion and one announcement, with the approval of the harmonious Saṅgha, in the manner stated, thus with a two-part motion and announcement. A 'four-part motion act' (ñatticatutthakamma) is an act to be done with one motion and three announcements, with the approval of the harmonious Saṅgha, in the manner stated, thus with a four-part motion and three announcements. Therein, an announcement act should be done by announcing, it should not be done as a motion act, etc. A motion act should also be done by establishing one motion, it should not be done as an announcement act, etc. However, some two-part motion acts can be done by announcing, and some cannot.