English
Day by day, reflecting on the precepts, maintaining the four protections, dwell with abundant mindfulness." The practice of chewing tooth-sticks should be taught. By one venerating a shrine or a Bodhi tree, or offering perfumes and garlands, or a bowl, or th when putting into the alms-bowl, one should not speak. The alms-round duties should be explained. Inside the village, with people, talk connected with requisites or unsuitable talk should not be engaged in. One should be with guarded faculties. The Khandhaka duties and the Sekhiya duties should be fulfilled. Thus, many such duties leading to release should be explained. Here ends the discussion on the Vassūpanāyika (Rains Retreat) in the Pāḷimuttakavinayavinicchayasaṅgaha. 27. Discussion on the Duties of the Upajjhāya and Others 183. Duties. Here, duty (vatta) is the duty towards the Upajjhāya (preceptor), the duty towards the Ācariya (teacher), the duty towards the guest, the duty towards the resident, the duty towards the departing monk, the duty at the refectory, the duty of the alms-goer, the duty of the forest-dweller, the duty concerning the lodging, the duty concerning the hot-bath house, the duty concerning the latrine. It is of many kinds. Among these, the duty towards the Upajjhāya should be understood thus: The saddhivihāri (co-resident pupil) should rise early, take off his sandals, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, and give the Upajjhāya a tooth-stick, and give him mouth-water. When giving the tooth-stick, one should offer three tooth-sticks— a large one, a medium one, and a small one. From these, whichever he takes for three days, from the fourth day onwards, the same kind should be given. If he takes whatever without a fixed choice, then whatever is available, that should be given. When giving mouth-water, one should offer both cold and hot water. From these, whichever he uses for three days, from the fourth day onwards, the same kind of mouth-washing water should be given. If he uses both kinds, both kinds should be offered. After placing the water at the mouth-washing place, the area should be swept, starting from the latrine. While he is in the latrine, the pariveṇa (courtyard) should be swept. Thus, the pariveṇa will not be empty. Before he comes out of the latrine, the seat should be prepared. After he has performed his bodily functions and returned and sat down, if there is gruel, the bowl should be washed, and the gruel should be offered. After he has drunk the gruel, water should be given, and the bowl should be received. Having taken it, having made it low, without resentment, it should be washed and put away. When the preceptor has risen, the seat should be removed. If that place is dirty, strewn with some rubbish, that place should be swept. But if there is no other rubbish, only drops of water, it should be wiped with the hand. If the preceptor wishes to enter the village, the lower robe should be given, the outer robe should be received, the waistband should be given, the outer robes should be given, folded properly, the bowl, washed and with water, should be given. If the preceptor desires a rear attendant, covering the three circles, wearing the lower robe neatly, tying the waistband, donning the outer robes properly, fastening the knot, washing the bowl and taking it, one should be the preceptor's rear attendant. One should not go too far, one should not go too near. Here, if, when the preceptor turns and looks back, one reaches him within one or two paces, it should be understood that one has not gone too far, nor too near. If the preceptor, while on alms-round, receives gruel or rice, and his bowl is hot or heavy, one's own bowl should be given to him, and that bowl should be taken. One should not interrupt the preceptor's speech while he is speaking. From now on, wherever a prohibition is made with "na" (not), an offense of wrong-doing should be understood in all cases. The preceptor, when speaking near an offense, should be stopped. And when stopping him, one should stop him as if asking, "Venerable sir, is it proper to say such a thing? Is it not an offense?" But one should not say, with the intention of stopping him, "Old man, do not speak like that." If the village is near, or there is a sick monk in the monastery, one should come back from the village earlier. If the village is far, and there is no one coming with the preceptor, one should go out of the village with him, wrap the bowl in the robe, and in between... First, one should arrive. Having arrived first, a seat should be prepared, foot-water, a foot-stool, a foot-mat should be laid out, going forth to meet, the bowl and robe should be received, a return-robe should be given, the robe should be received. If the robe is damp with sweat, it should be aired in the sun for a moment, but the robe should not be left in the sun, the robe should be folded. When folding the robe, one should raise a corner by four fingers and fold the robe. For what reason? Lest there be a crease in the middle. For if it is folded evenly, there will be a crease in the middle, then constantly breaking, it becomes weak, this is said to prevent that. Therefore, so that it does not break tomorrow in the same place as today's crease, thus day by day, it should be folded by raising it four fingers, the waist-band should be made into a loop. If there is almsfood, and the preceptor wishes to eat, water should be given, and the almsfood offered, the preceptor should be asked about drinking water. When asking, one should ask three times with "Venerable sir, may water be brought?" about drinking water. If there is time, after the preceptor has eaten, one should eat oneself. If the time is short, having placed water near the preceptor, one should also eat oneself. Having given water to the one who has eaten, having received the bowl, having lowered it, having washed it well without resistance, having made it waterless, it should be aired in the sun for a moment, but the bowl should not be left in the sun, the bowl and robe should be put away. When putting away the bowl, holding the bowl with one hand, and touching the underside of a bed or the underside of a stool with the other hand, the bowl should be put away, and the bowl should not be placed on the ground not separated by a mat or a piece of leather, etc. But if the ground is black-colored or plastered with lime, free from dust and dirt, it is permissible to place it on such ground, it is permissible to place it on washed sand, and so on. It is not suitable for dust, sugar, and so on. But there, a leaf or a support should be placed, and then it should be put there. When putting away a robe, taking the robe with one hand, and wiping the robe-pole or robe-rope with the other hand, making a fold from the far end towards the near end, the robe should be put away. This is said for gently placing it by inserting the hand beneath the robe-pole, etc., with the palm facing upwards. But if one takes it by the end and throws it over the robe-pole, etc., with a fold, the fold will strike the wall, therefore, it should not be done that way. When the preceptor rises, the seat should be removed, the foot-water, foot-stool, and foot-mat should be put away. If that place is dirty, that place should be swept. If the preceptor wishes to bathe, the bath should be prepared. If cold water is needed, cold water should be prepared. If hot water is needed, hot water should be prepared. If the preceptor wishes to enter the hot-bath house, powder should be collected, clay should be moistened. Taking the hot-bath house stool, going behind the preceptor, giving the hot-bath house stool, receiving the robe, it should be placed aside in a smokeless spot. Powder should be given, clay should be given. If one is able, the hot-bath house should be entered. When entering, having smeared the face with clay, and covered oneself in front and behind, the hot-bath house should be entered. One should not sit crowding elder monks, nor should one push away junior monks from their seats. In the hot-bath house, service to the preceptor should be rendered. Service in the hot-bath house means all duties such as giving charcoal, clay, and hot water. When leaving the hot-bath house, taking the hot-bath house stool, and covering oneself in front and behind, one should leave the hot-bath house. Even in water, service such as rubbing the preceptor's limbs and minor parts should be rendered. Having bathed, one should come out first, and then go to one's own... Having made him bathe and dressed him, the water from the preceptor's body should be wiped off. An undergarment should be given. An outer robe should be given. Taking the bathhouse stool, coming first, a seat should be prepared. Foot-water, a foot-stool, and a foot-mat should be placed nearby. The preceptor should be asked for water. For in the bathhouse, due to the heat, thirst arises. If he wishes to be taught, he should be taught. If he wishes to be questioned, he should be questioned. In whichever dwelling the preceptor resides, if that dwelling is dirty, if he is able, not overcome by any illness, it should be cleaned. Indeed, by a healthy co-resident, even for sixty years, all duties to the preceptor should be performed. For one who performs them carelessly, there is an offense of wrong-doing in breaking the duty. But in places connected with "not doing," even for a sick person, if he performs a forbidden action, it is indeed an offense of wrong-doing. By one cleaning the dwelling, first, the bowl and robes should be taken out and placed aside. The sitting mat and cover should be taken out and placed aside. The cushion and pillow should be taken out and placed aside. The bed, lowered carefully, without striking or clashing, the door-stool should be taken out and placed aside. The stool, lowered carefully, without striking or clashing, the door-stool should be taken out and placed aside.