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the scrupulous feel remorse. Now, in butter taken out and kept, and in butter made from milk and curds received before noon, and in butter made from those received after noon, and in butter made from what was taken out, and in butter from unsuitable meat, the entire method of offense, non-offense, consumption, and non-consumption should be understood in the same way as stated for ghee. But for monks who have entered for oil alms, they pour there ghee, butter, cooked oil, and uncooked oil. There may be drops of buttermilk and curds, grains of cooked rice, rice husks, and flies, etc. If taken after being sun-cooked and strained, it is for seven days. Having received it, it is permissible to cook it with stored medicines and make it into a nasal medicine. If, during the rainy season, a scrupulous novice, so that the fallen rice husks, etc., do not rot there, melts it over a fire, strains it, and cooks it again and gives it, it is permissible for seven days in the same way as before. 96. Among oils, sesame oil, if received before noon, is permissible with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, it is permissible only without meat. If seven days are exceeded, its forfeiture should be understood by counting the vessels. If received after noon, it is permissible for seven days only without meat. If taken out and kept, it is not permissible to consume. It should be used for anointing the head, etc. Even if seven days are exceeded, there is no offense. Oil made from sesame seeds received before noon, is permissible with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, it is not to be consumed. It should be used for anointing the head, etc. Even if seven days are exceeded, there is no offense. Oil made from sesame seeds received after noon is not to be consumed, because it was received with its substance. Even if seven days are exceeded, there is no offense; it should be used for anointing the head, etc. Whether before noon or after noon, the same rule applies to oil made from sesame seeds that were taken out. If sesame seeds received before noon are roasted, or Or having steamed sesame paste, or having soaked it in warm water, if the oil made was made by an unordained person, it is allowable with meat before noon. If made by oneself, because it is self-produced, it is allowable without meat before noon. Because it is self-cooked, it is not allowable with meat. But because it was received with a basis, from after noon onwards, both are not to be consumed internally. It should be applied for anointing the head, etc. Even if seven days pass, there is no offense. But if the warm water is little, just enough for sprinkling, it is not considered for use. It does not count as self-cooked. Also for mustard oil, etc., when received without a basis, the decision is similar to what was said for sesame oil received without a basis. But if from the powders of mustard, etc., received before noon, oil can be made by sun-cooking, that is allowable with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, it is allowable only without meat. If seven days pass, it is to be relinquished. But since mustard and licorice powders are steamed, and castor seeds are roasted to make oil, therefore, oil made from these by unordained persons is allowable with meat before noon. But because the substances are for life-long use, there is no fault in receiving them with a basis. That made by oneself should be consumed for seven days only without meat. That made by those who have taken it up is not to be consumed internally. It is allowable for external use. Even if seven days pass, there is no offense. Oil made after receiving mustard, licorice, and castor seeds for the purpose of making oil is for seven days. That made on the second day is allowable for six days. That made on the third day is allowable for five days. That made on the fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh day is allowable for that same day. If it remains until sunrise, it is to be relinquished. That made on the eighth day is not to be consumed internally. But because it is not to be relinquished, it is allowable for external use. Even if one does not make it, if the mustard, etc., taken for oil, passes seven days, it is merely a minor offense. But in the Pāli, other things not mentioned, such as coconut, neem, kosamba, karamanda, etc. Oils exist. Having received them, for one who exceeds seven days, there is an offense of wrong-doing. This is the distinction among these – having considered the remaining occasional-use items and lifelong-use items, the rules for items cooked by oneself, items with ingredients, items received before mealtime, after mealtime, and items taken up, all should be understood in the manner stated. Fat-oil is called "I allow, monks, five fats: bear fat, fish fat, dolphin fat, pig fat, donkey fat" (Mahāvagga 262) – oil from such permitted fats. And here, by the word "bear fat," excluding human fat, the fats of all unallowable meats are permitted. And by the inclusion of "fish," dolphins are also included, but they are mentioned separately because they are large fish. And by the inclusion of "fish, etc.," here the fats of all allowable meats are permitted. Indeed, among meats, ten are unallowable: human, elephant, horse, dog, snake, lion, tiger, leopard, bear, hyena. Among fats, one: human fat. Among milk, etc., there is nothing unallowable. Fat-oil made and prepared by unordained persons, received before mealtime, is allowable even with meat. From after mealtime onwards, for seven days, it is allowable only without meat. But whatever fine, dust-like meat, or sinew, or bone, or blood is in it, that is not to be used. If, however, one receives fat and makes it oneself, having received it before mealtime, cooked it, and strained it, it should be consumed for seven days as a non-meat item. Indeed, regarding non-meat consumption, this was said: "received at the proper time, cooked at the proper time, mixed at the proper time, it should be consumed as oil" (Mahāvagga 262). Even there, what is not to be used is indeed not to be used. But after mealtime, it is not allowable to receive it or to make it. For this was said – "If, monks, it is received at the wrong time, cooked at the wrong time, mixed at the wrong time, and if one consumes it, there is an offense of three wrong-doings. If, monks, it is received at the proper time, Cooked out of time, mixed out of time, if one consumes it, an offense of two wrongdoings. If, bhikkhus, received in time, cooked in time, mixed out of time, if one consumes it, an offense of wrongdoing. If, bhikkhus, received in time, cooked in time, mixed in time, if one consumes it, there is no offense. (Mahāva. 262) But the disciples asked Elder Upatissa: "Venerable sir, are ghee, fresh butter, and fat, cooked together and produced, allowable or not?" "They are not allowable, friends." It seems the Elder was scrupulous about this, like with cooked oil dregs. Then they further asked him: "Venerable sir, if there is a curd pellet or a buttermilk drop in fresh butter, is that allowable?" "That too, friends, is not allowable." Then they said to him: "Venerable sir, when cooked together and mixed together, they are potent; they suppress illness." "Good, friends," the Elder agreed. But Elder Mahāsumā said: "Only allowable meat fat is permissible for consumption with meat; other fat is permissible for consumption without meat." But Elder Mahāpaduma, rejecting this, saying "What is this?", said, "Do not bhikkhus afflicted by wind diseases drink gruel with pure pig fat, etc., added to gruel made from the five root extracts? That, being potent, suppresses illness," and so he said, "It is allowable." 97. Honey is honey made by honey bees, small bees, and bumble bees. If received before noon, it is allowable even for consumption with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, for seven days, it is allowable only for consumption without meat. After seven days, it is subject to relinquishment. If large honey, like a honeycomb, is kept in pieces, or other honey in various containers, they are subject to relinquishment by the number of items. If it is only one piece, or other honey in one container, only one is subject to relinquishment. What has been taken out should be understood in the same way as stated, and applied to anointing wounds, etc. Honeycomb. or beeswax, if not smeared with honey, it is pure, for life. But if smeared with honey, it is like honey. Cīrikā are winged long flies, called tumbaḷa, and bone-winged large black bees, in their nests there is honey like resin, that is for life. 98.Phāṇita is all unripened or unripe but cooked, or all unripe sugarcane products, derived from sugarcane juice. That phāṇita, if received before noon, is permissible even with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, for seven days, it is permissible only without meat. After seven days, it is subject to forfeiture by counting the ingredients. Many lumps, made into powder, and placed in one vessel, are dense, only one is subject to forfeiture. That which is taken up should be understood by the method stated, it should be used for house fumigation and so on. Phāṇita made from unboiled sugarcane juice, received before noon, if made by an unordained person, is permissible even with meat. If made by oneself, it is permissible only without meat. But from after noon onwards, because it was received with ingredients, it is not to be consumed; even after seven days, there is no offense. Even if made from unboiled juice received after noon, it is not to be consumed; even after seven days, there is no offense. This rule applies also to phāṇita made after receiving sugarcane. But phāṇita made from boiled juice, received before noon, if made by an unordained person, is permissible even with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, for seven days, it is permissible only without meat. If made by oneself, even before noon, it is permissible only without meat.