English
"Of various countries" means residents of various regions. "Sangha's gain" means one's own share due according to seniority. And this prohibition is made with reference to making the area outside the boundary a part of the Sangha's gain without distinction, in this very manner. But specifically, having delimited the area outside the boundary as well, from each portion, "to give so much, or to give such a thing..." Um, it is proper to give after making an announcement, saying, "The Sangha wishes to give to so many, or to such a one." 228. In "Venerable Lakkhana," and so on, to explain who Venerable Lakkhana was, why he was named Lakkhana, who Venerable Mahāmoggallāna was, and why he revealed a smile, the passage beginning "yvāyaṃ" was started. "Endowed with marks" means endowed with the marks of a great man. "Equal to Brahmā" means equal to the Brahmā existence. "A slight smile is called sita" is explained as "mandahasita" (a gentle smile). "A skeleton" means this is not merely an unconscious skeleton, but rather a certain peta, so it is explained as "a being born in the peta-world." "These existences" are peta-existences. "They do not come into view" means they do not naturally come into view like divine existences. But they might come into view by their own will. "Compassion, whose proximate cause is seeing the helpless state of humans afflicted by suffering," is explained as "when compassion should be shown." "His own attainment and the attainment of the Buddha's knowledge" —the word "attainment" should be joined to each. To explain both of these, the passage beginning "tañhi" was spoken. There, the phrase "remembering his own attainment, he revealed a smile" should be brought in and connected. "Dhammadhātu" refers to omniscience, or "dhammadhātu" means the nature of phenomena. "Upapatti" means birth. Indeed, by "upapatti" (birth), he refers to such an existence. "They become disbelieving, and that would be for their harm and suffering for a long time." "Dussaddhāpayā" (disbelieving) is not said with reference to Lakkhana Thera, but with reference to those who hear, "It was said thus." Then, why did Lakkhana Thera not see? Did he not have the divine eye? No, he did not. But Mahāmoggallāna saw by attending, the other did not see by not attending. "Vituḍenti" means they pierce and fly, piercing again and again with sharp iron beaks like sword blades, and go here and there. meaning. Therefore, it says "piercing through and going." Or, the reading is "shaking off." "Between the ribs" is a locative case ending in the sense of a base. "With iron beaks" means like iron rods, or with beaks made of black iron. "Overflowing with beauty" shows the strength of the body's beauty, even when it appears to be merely a collection of bones. "Like a ripe boil" shows its extreme softness. "Oh, how wonderful!" This is an exclamation of wonder mixed with reproach. "Become eyes" means having attained divine eyes, or the meaning here should be understood as "become eyes for the world." "Where" is a particle in the sense of cause, so it says "where" means "a word indicating cause." In the immeasurable multitude of beings, and those in the various existences such as the sensual realm, the destinies such as hell, the stations of consciousness with diverse bodies and diverse perceptions, and in such abodes of beings, making the omniscience present and manifest to me. "Cattle killer" means one who frequently kills cattle. Therefore, it says "having killed and killed." "Of that" refers to the act of killing cattle. "Of the repeatedly ripening kamma" refers to kamma whose results ripen repeatedly. When the strong kamma of cattle killing gives its result, the repeatedly ripening kamma, which had no opportunity, now has an opportunity in the ripening of that result, and is called "remaining kamma." "By the similarity of kamma" means by the similar nature of kamma. "By the similarity of object" means by the similar nature of the object. For in whatever kind of object that kamma and its result previously occurred, in that same kind of object this kamma and its result now occur, and so it is said "by the remaining result of that very kamma." For such a designation occurs even for something similar, just as "that very partridge," "those very medicines." Since in the context of kamma-like objects, only "kamma or kamma-sign" is mentioned, and since kamma and kamma-sign do not stand separately and distinctly from kamma like a destiny-sign, therefore, similar Because it is the cause of giving its own result, where there should be a result similar to the action, there, taking the kamma or the sign of kamma, rebirth occurs, they say. Therefore it is said – "Indeed, for him... (etc.)... it was a sign." There, "it was a sign" means that kamma, accumulated and done before, which had made an opportunity for the arising of a ghost-existence, became a sign, now, appearing in that way, it became a sign, an object, for that result. He was a cattle-butcher. He was born as a skeleton-ghost due to a result similar to his kamma. 229."Having made into strips" means having killed the cow repeatedly, having cut up the beef, making it into strips. "Having dried" means having dried it for keeping it for a long time. Indeed, dried strips of meat are called 'vallūra' (dried meat). "Without skin on the sides" means with the skin on the sides removed. "One who kills sheep" is a sheep-butcher. "Eḷaka" means goats. "One who feeds with nivāpa" means one who, having nourished them with food given by himself, repeatedly kills them with a sword and sells them. "One deer" means a leopard. "By torments" means by tortures. "Having known" means having known the meditation subject. "A sūcaka" (informer) is one who, by way of bringing slander, reports what is heard here to there, or what is heard there to here. The connection is "he led people to ruin and misfortune." "A judge-minister" means a great minister of justice appointed by the king to the court. Indeed, he deceives the village folk with cunning, therefore he is called a "village cheat." Some say, "Such a village headman is a village cheat." Because it is said that a judge should be impartial. By sitting in a secret place, the sitting was unequal (unjust). "Touching" means touching for theft. 230."Not master" means a woman with a husband is not master of her own touch. "Having fallen" means having slipped and gone away. "Maṅguli" is one who rolls about by way of begging, the meaning is that she behaves in an ugly and repulsive manner. Therefore it is said, "ugly, hard to look at, repulsive." Upwards, upwards, swollen due to the body being cooked by fire, downwards, dripping due to the body being wet by flowing, here and there, limbs... because it is covered with juice, it is a covering. Therefore it is said: "She, indeed," and so on. In a heap of charcoal: in a pile of charcoal. From the body flow out impure, foul-smelling, disgusting sweat-filled things. Of that king, indeed: of the king of Kalinga. An actress: a woman skilled in dancing. They sweat: sweating, meaning heating. Having become a headless trunk, it arose due to the accumulation of karma at the time of its formation, and due to familiarity with taking omens in that way. A base monk: base due to bad conduct, and a monk because he lives by alms food in the guise of a monk. Playing according to his mind's delight: playing various things according to his liking. This very one: the very method stated in the monk's story. 231. Devoid of moss, algae, and mud: free from moss of the type of sesame seeds, etc., algae that covers the surface of the water with the color of a blue frog's back, and mud. With beautiful bathing places: with beautiful bathing places because they are pleasant for bathing and free from the defects of mud, etc. From that water reservoir: for that reason, meaning relying on that. Even that lake, though it has gone to the abode of nāgas, is connected to a body of water in the human world above it. Therefore it is said: "From there this Tapodā flows." Or else, from there, from the water reservoir in the nāga abode, this Tapodā flows. For it ascends to the upper ground level, and is called Tapodā by its etymological name because it is hot, and water that heats is called tapa. Petaloka: the abode of ghosts. Some, however, say: "By Petaloka here, the Lohakumbhī hell is intended," but there are also many abodes of ghosts in the forest at the foot of the mountains surrounding the city. This meaning should be explained by the Petavatthupāḷi, which is connected with characteristics, and by this Vinītavatthupāḷi. Skilled in hand: firmly, without missing, shooting arrows at targets. Such persons, having mastered it there, are called "skilled in hand." Therefore, one who merely learns a skill is not called "skilled in hand." But these are "skilled in hand," meaning they have practiced mastery. The royal families, having displayed their skill, "Having made a seat" means having put aside the seat, as shown in royal families and so on, it is said. "Pabhaggo" means defeated. 232. Because the perception of resistance has been well abandoned through the cultivation of the opposing side, which is the cultivation of dispassion for form, preceded by the perception of faults, one does not arise from the immaterial attainments even with a great sound. However, because it has not been well abandoned, there might be an arising from all form-sphere attainments. Therefore, here, "imperturbable concentration" refers to the attainment of the fourth jhāna. Thus, it is said: "Imperturbable, unmoving, devoid of bodily and verbal agitation, the concentration of the fourth jhāna." Elsewhere, however, because the opponents of concentration are very far away, it does not waver, thus "imperturbable" refers to the immaterial-sphere concentration. "Dhammas that are obstacles to concentration" refers to thoughts and investigations and so on.