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or yellow, red, white, square, six-sided, eight-sided?' Thus he doubts. 923. "Tenets" means bases that are like fords, or the bases of sectarians. There, a "ford" means the sixty-two views. "Sectarians" means those for whom those views are pleasing and acceptable. The meaning of "base" has already been stated below. There, since all those who are bound for views, when they arise, arise in these three places, and when they converge, converge and meet in these, and these alone are the causes for their being bound for views, therefore "tenets" means bases in the sense of "they are fords and they are origins"; in the same sense, "tenets" means the bases of sectarians. "Person" means a being. And although when "person" or "individual" is said, it is only a being that is meant, this is merely conventional language, which is spoken according to how one understands it. "Experiences" means knows what has arisen in his own mind, makes it experienced, or undergoes it. "Due to past action" means due to a cause done in the past, meaning he experiences it only due to past action as a condition. This is the doctrine of the Jain ascetics. But those who speak thus, rejecting both the feeling of action and the feeling of doing, accept only the feeling of result. And among the eight diseases beginning with bile disorders, rejecting seven, they accept only the eighth. And among the three kinds of karma, experienced in this life, and so on, rejecting two, they accept only one, that is, karma experienced at an indefinite time. And among the four kinds of intentions, wholesome, unwholesome, resultant, and functional, they accept only resultant intention. "Due to the creation of a lord" means due to the creation of a lord as the cause; that one experiences because it is created by Brahmā, or Pajāpati, or a lord. This is the doctrine of the Brahmins. For this is their intention: "These three kinds of feeling cannot be experienced in the present due to one's own action as the root, or due to command as the root, or due to past action, or without cause or condition; but one experiences these only due to the creation of a lord." But these speakers, not accepting even one of the eight diseases mentioned below, reject all. Similarly, in all the categories of karma experienced in this life, and so on, not accepting even one, they reject all. "Without cause or condition" means one experiences without a cause or condition, that is, without any reason. This is the doctrine of the Ājīvakas. These speakers also, not accepting even one of the causes and diseases mentioned below, reject all. 924. "Kiñcana" means entanglements. "Greed is a kiñcana" means greed, when arising, binds and entangles beings, therefore it is called kiñcana. The same method applies to hatred and delusion. "Aṅgaṇa" means, in the place where it occurs, "There evil fell in the courtyard," a piece of ground in the courtyard. In the place where it occurs, "He strives for the abandonment of that very dust or courtyard," it means any dirt or mud. In the place where it occurs, "Being like a courtyard," it means various kinds of intense defilements. Here also, the defilement-courtyard itself is intended. Therefore, he said, "Greed is a courtyard," and so on. "Malāni" means things that cause impurity. "Greed is a mala" means greed, when arising, makes the mind impure, causes impurity to be grasped, therefore it is called a mala. The same method applies to the other two. In the uneven exposition, since greed, etc., Beings slip, indeed, in evil bodily conduct and the like. Having slipped, they fall from the Teaching and from a good destination. Therefore, it is said, "Craving is poison," because it is the cause of slipping and falling. "Fire" means that which burns. "Craving-fire" means that craving, when arising, burns and scorches beings. Therefore, it is called "fire." The same method applies to hatred and delusion. Here are examples: It is said that a young nun, in the Cittalapabbata Monastery, went to the Uposatha hall and stood looking at the doorkeeper's image. Then craving arose in her. She was consumed by it and died. The nuns, going by, said, "This young one is standing, she is not observing the Uposatha?" One went and, "Why are you standing?" took her hand. As soon as she was touched, she spun around and fell. This is an example of craving's burning nature. For hatred's burning nature, the Manopadosika deities should be observed. For delusion's burning nature, the Khiddapadosika deities should be observed. For through delusion, they experience loss of mindfulness. Therefore, having spent the time in play, they pass away, having missed the time for food. "Impure" means unpleasant, unwholesome. In craving and the like, and in evil bodily conduct and the like, there is not even one thing that is excellent or nourishing. Therefore, it is said, "Craving is impure," and so on. 925. "View of gratification" means a view associated with gratification. "There is no fault in sensual pleasures" means he says that there is no fault in indulging in sense-objects through craving-sensuality. "Drinking" means the state of drinking, enjoying, consuming. For one who speaks thus enjoys sense-objects as if drinking and consuming craving-sensuality. "Self-view" means a view that follows the self. "Wrong view" means a base view. Now, since here the first is the eternalist view, the second is the personality view, the third is the annihilationist view, therefore, to show that meaning, he said, "The eternalist view is the view of gratification," and so on. 926. The explanation of "discontent" and "harming" has already been given. "Conduct of unrighteousness" means unrighteous conduct, that is, doing what is unrighteous. "Uneven conduct" means conduct of unevenness, or of an uneven action. Carelessness is improper conduct. Disobedience and evil friendship, Their definitions have already been stated. Perception of diversity is diverse perception, Because it occurs in diverse signs and objects. Or, because one is perception of lust, Another is perception of ill-will, etc., Therefore, diverse perceptions are diverse perception. Lethargy is a state of being withdrawn, Due to non-application to the cultivation of wholesome states, With a mind distracted by the five strands of sense pleasure, In the definitions of sloth and negligence. Negligence is to be understood as a state of heedlessness, Due to indulgence. The definitions of discontent, etc., have already been stated. 931. In the definition of disrespect, Disrespect is a state of disregard, Due to disregarding advice. The manner of disrespect is disrespectfulness. Lack of reverence is irreverence, In the sense of not approaching respectfully. Lack of deference is non-compliance, In the sense of not approaching elders. Disregard is disrespect. The manner of disregard is disrespectfulness. The state of one who is disregarded is disrespectfulness. The state of one who is immoral is immorality. Non-respect is the non-doing of respectful consideration. 932. Lack of faith is faithlessness. The manner of disbelief is disbelief. Non-acceptance is non-acceptance, After considering and approaching. Displeasure is lack of joy, In the sense of not being pleased. Lack of knowing how to ask, Is not knowing the words "give" or "do," Due to stubbornness and stinginess. 934. In "Buddhas and disciples of the Buddha," The term "Buddha" includes Pacceka Buddhas. Unwillingness to approach is unwillingness to go near them. Unwillingness to hear the true Dhamma, Is unwillingness to listen to the thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, Which are called the true Dhamma. Unwillingness to help is unwillingness to assist. A fault-finding mind is a state of fault-finding. Since it is essentially fault-finding, Therefore, to show that, it is said, "What is fault-finding?" etc. Therein, fault-finding is fault-finding, In the sense of finding fault. Repeated fault-finding is constant fault-finding. The manner of fault-finding is fault-finding. Repeated fault-finding is constant fault-finding. The state of one who is constantly finding fault is constant fault-finding. Contempt is knowing by looking down upon. Disdain is despising. Criticism is finding fault. A seeker of flaws is one who seeks flaws. The state of one who seeks flaws is flaw-seeking. This is called reproach, characterized by looking for others' faults. A person endowed with this, just as a tailor spreads out a cloth and looks only for holes, similarly obscures all the virtues of others and dwells only on their faults. 936. Unwise attention is attention without skillful means. Regarding impermanent things as permanent is occurring in an impermanent object, thinking, "This is permanent." The same method applies to "suffering as happiness" and so on. And by opposition to the truth means not conforming to the four noble truths. Turning of the mind, and so on, are all synonyms for attention. For attention turns the subconscious mind, hence it is the turning of the mind. It turns again and again, hence it is repeated turning. It considers, hence it is consideration. It brings to mind an object other than the subconscious object, hence it is bringing together. It attends to the same object that arises following itself, hence it is attention. It does, meaning it establishes. This is called unwise attention, characterized by attention on the wrong path, and because of it, a person cannot properly attend to the truths of suffering and so on. In the explanation of cultivating the wrong path, the cultivation that occurs when one cultivates the wrong path is called cultivating the wrong path. To show that, the second question is asked: "What is the wrong path there?" The rest is clear everywhere. The explanation of the triad is finished. (4.) Explanation of the Quadruplet 939. In the quadruplet, craving arises for robes because one thinks, "Where shall I get a desirable robe?