English
for one who has spent two rains, eight rains; for one who has spent three rains, nine rains; for one who has spent four rains, ten rains. These are also teachers. But fellow monks who are familiar and intimate with the preceptor, or any who are older by ten rains— all of these are called preceptor-like. When such monks are walking without sandals, there is an offense for one who walks with sandals. 249. "Foot-thorn disease" means a thorn-like growth of flesh protruding from the foot. 251. "Grass sandals" means sandals made of any kind of grass. "Hintāla sandals" means sandals made of date palm leaves; even with hintāla leaves, they are not permissible. "Kamala sandals" means there is a kind of grass called kamala; sandals made of that; they are also called usīra sandals. "Woolen sandals" means sandals made of wool. "Immovable" means firmly fixed on the ground, stable, not to be moved. 252. "Touching the private parts" means touching the private parts with the private parts. "Drowning and killing" means holding them firmly under the water and killing. Thus. The Story of the Rejection of Vehicles, etc. 253. "By a woman-yoked" means by a cow-yoked (vehicle). "By another man" means by a male driver. "By a man-yoked" means by an ox-yoked (vehicle). "By another woman" means by a female driver. "By the great Gangā" means by the great festival of the Gangā. Here, concerning "man-yoked hand-cart", whether the man-yoked (vehicle) has a female driver or a male driver, it is permissible. But as for the hand-cart, whether women drive it or men drive it, it is indeed permissible. "By the shaking of the vehicle" means when one mounts the vehicle, the whole body moves because of it. "Palanquin" means a seat-palanquin. "Pāṭaṅki" means a cloth bag made by attaching it to a bamboo pole. 254. Here, concerning "high beds and great beds", a "high bed" is a bed exceeding the proper measure. A "great bed" is an improper covering. Among "armchairs, etc.", an "armchair" is a seat exceeding the proper measure. A "couch" is one made with lion figures placed on its legs. A "goat-skin rug" (Gonaka) is a large rug with long hair; its hairs are said to be more than four finger-breadths long. A "variegated rug" (Cittaka) is a woollen rug with varied patterns. A "white rug" (Paṭikā) is a white woollen rug. A "flowered rug" (Paṭalikā) is a thick-flowered, red woollen rug; which is also called an "āmalaka-stripe". A "cotton mattress" (Tūlikā) is just an ordinary cotton mattress. A "figured rug" (Vikatikā) is a woollen rug with varied figures of lions, tigers, etc. An "up-haired rug" (Uddalomī) is a woollen rug with hair rising on one side; "uddhalomī" is also a reading. A "both-sided haired rug" (Ekantalomī) is a woollen rug with hair rising on both sides. A "silk rug" (Kaṭṭissa) is a covering made of silk-floss, embroidered with jewels. A "silk rug" (Koseyya) is a covering made of silk thread, embroidered with jewels; but pure silk is permissible. A "Kuttaka" is a woollen rug suitable for sixteen dancing women to stand and dance upon. "Elephant-rugs and horse-rugs" are just rugs spread on the backs of elephants and horses. The same method applies to chariot-rugs. An "antelope-skin cover" (Ajinappaveṇī) is a cover made by sewing antelope skins together to the size of a bed. A "superior covering of Kadalī deer skin" means there is a skin called Kadalī deer skin, and a superior covering made from it. meaning, a supreme covering. They say they make it by spreading and sewing a deer skin over a white cloth. "With an upper covering" means with an upper covering; it means with a red canopy tied above. Even a white canopy is not permissible if there is an unsuitable covering underneath, but it is permissible if there is not. "Pillows red on both sides" means a head-pillow and a foot-pillow, both red, for the bed; this is not permissible. But if there is only one pillow, red or lotus-colored or variegated on both sides, if it is of the proper size, it is permissible. But a large pillow is forbidden. Discourse on the prohibition of all skins, etc. 255. "Leopard cub" means a leopard cub. "They are strung up" means they are wrapped and tied to wall-posts, etc. 256. "To lean and sit" means to lean and sit; it means to sit making a support. Here, "by a sick monk with sandals" means a sick person is one who cannot enter a village without sandals. 257. "In Kuraraghara" means in a city of that name; by this, his alms-resort village is stated. "On Papataka mountain" means on a mountain named Papatana; by this, his dwelling place is stated. Soṇa is his name. But he wears an ear-ornament worth a crore, therefore he is called "Kuṭikaṇṇa"; meaning, "Koṭikaṇṇa" (one with a crore-worth ear-ornament). "Pleasing" means inspiring confidence. "Inspiring confidence" is a synonym for that. "Supreme in taming and tranquility" means supreme in taming and tranquility, wisdom and concentration, bodily calm and mental calm. "Tamed" means tamed because all bodily agitations are cut off; it means one whose defilements are destroyed. "Guarded" means guarded by the guard of restraint. "With calmed faculties" means with restrained faculties. "Nāga" means free from fault. "After three years for me" means after three years from the day of my ordination. "I obtained higher ordination" means I obtained higher ordination. "Kaṇhuttarā" means with black earth above; above The meaning is half-black earth. "Struck by cow-thorns" means harmed by cow-thorns that arose from the ground trodden by the hooves of cows. Indeed, single-layered sandals cannot protect against those cow-thorns; they are so sharp. Eragu, Moragu, Majjaru, Jantu—these are all four kinds of grass; with these, they make mats and screens. Here, Eragu means eraka grass; that is coarse. Moragu grass has red tips, is soft and pleasant to touch; a screen made from it, immediately after one lies down and gets up, stands again, puffed up. With Majjaru, they also make cloths. Jantu's color is like a jewel. "He prepared a lodging" means he prepared a cushion or a mat; and having prepared it, he informed the dog: "Friend, the Teacher wishes to dwell in the same abode with you; your lodging has been prepared in the Perfumed Chamber itself." 258. "This is indeed the time for him" means this indeed might be the time. "He showed" means he showed. "You should say this and that" means: "This might be the time for what my preceptor made known to me; come now, I will announce that message"—this is the meaning here. 259. "With five Vinaya-holders" means with five teachers of proclamation. "Monks, I allow in all border regions sandals of various qualities" means here, excluding human skin, sandals made with any kind of skin are permissible. The same rule applies to sandal-cases, knife-cases, and key-cases. "Skins as coverings" means here, it is permissible to spread any sheepskin or goatskin and lie down or sit. For deer skins, only the skins of doe-deer, swift-deer, antelopes, gazelles, mother-deer, and red deer are permissible. But for others— Monkey and black lion, Sarabha, banana-deer; And whatever wild animals, Their skins are not permissible. There, "wild animals" means lions, tigers, bears, hyenas; and not only of these, but excluding those whose skins are said to be permissible, the remaining... And as for bears, cows, buffaloes, hares, cats, and so on, all of them in this context are to be understood as wild animals. Indeed, the hide of all these is not permissible. It does not count until it comes into hand, that is, until it is brought and given, or until it is sent and announced, "Venerable Sir, a robe has arisen for you." Until then, it does not count. If it is not determined, it is permissible; but if it is determined, it does not count – this is the meaning. But when it is brought and given, or it is heard that it has arisen, from that time onwards, one obtains the allowance for ten days only. The commentary on the Chapter on Hides is finished. 6. The Chapter on Medicines The Discourse on the Five Medicines and so on 260. In the Chapter on Medicines – "by an autumn ailment" means by a bile ailment arisen in the autumn season, for in that season, they get wet even by rainwater, they tread in mud, and intermittently the sun is also harsh; by that, their bile enters the stomach. "And it should serve for food" means it should accomplish for food. 261. "They do not cover" means they do not digest, they are not able to calm down the wind ailment. "They are moistened" means they are oily. "By covering the food" means by loss of appetite for food. 262. In "they breathe clearly" and so on, the determination is to be understood in the same way as stated in the commentary on the Nissaggiya rules. In "received in time" and so on, the meaning is: having received it before midday has passed, and having cooked and strained it. "To consume by means of oil consumption" means to consume by means of oil consumption for seven days. 263. The determination of root medicines and so on has also been stated in the Khuddaka commentary. Therefore, here we will comment only on what has not been stated before. "Vacatta" means white orris root. "Nisada and nisadapotaka" means a grinding stone and a grinding pestle. "Phaggava" means a type of creeper. "Nattamāla" means Pongamia pinnata. "Hiṅgu, hiṅgujatu, hiṅgusipāṭikā" are all types of asafoetida. "Takatakapatta and takapaṇṇi" are types of lac. "Sāmudda" means it stands like sand on the seashore. "Kāḷaloṇa" means ordinary salt. "Sindhava" means white-colored, in the mountains It rises. From the ground, a sprout rises. It is cooked with various ingredients, it is red in color. 264-6. If the body is ill-smelling, like the body odor of some people, then powders of sirīsa and kusumba, or fragrant powders, all are permissible. Chakaṇa means cow dung. Rajananippakka means dye residue. Even ordinary powder, pounded and soaked in water, is permissible for bathing;