English
an offense of three wrongdoings. If, monks, received at the proper time, cooked at the wrong time, mixed at the wrong time, if one consumes it, an offense of two wrongdoings. If, monks, received at the proper time, cooked at the proper time, mixed at the wrong time, if one consumes it, an offense of one wrongdoing. If, monks, received at the proper time, cooked at the proper time, mixed at the proper time, if one consumes it, there is no offense. The disciples of Elder Upatissa asked him: "Venerable sir, ghee, fresh butter, and fat, cooked together and produced, are they allowable, or not allowable?" "They are not allowable, friends." It seems the Elder was scrupulous here, as if with cooked oil dregs. Then they asked him further: "Venerable sir, if in fresh butter there is a curd pellet or a buttermilk drop, is this allowable?" "That too, friends, is not allowable." Then they said to him: "Venerable sir, when cooked together and mixed, they become potent, they suppress illness." "Good, friends," the Elder assented. But Elder Mahāsuma said: "Allowable meat fat is permissible for consumption with meat. Other fat is permissible for consumption without meat." But Elder Mahāpaduma, rejecting this, saying "What is this?", said, "Do not monks suffering from wind ailments put pure pig fat and so on into gruel made with five root extracts and drink the gruel? That, being very potent, suppresses illness." Having said this, he said, "It is allowable." Honey means bee-honey, that is, honey made by honey-bees, small bees, and bumble-bees. If received before noon, it is allowable to consume it with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, for seven days, it is allowable only for consumption without meat. If after seven days, if large honey, like resin, is kept in pieces, or other honey in various containers, they are to be relinquished according to the number of items. If there is only one piece, or other honey in one container, only one to be given up. What has been taken up is to be understood in the manner stated, to be applied to anointing wounds and so on. A honeycomb or beeswax, if not smeared with honey, is pure, for life. But if smeared with honey, it is just like honey. Cīrikā are long flies with wings, and tumbalā are large black bees with bony wings; in their nests there is a honey-like resin; that is for life. Phāṇita (molasses) is what is produced from sugarcane, taking sugarcane juice as its basis. All sugarcane products, whether unripe or ripe without a base, are to be known as phāṇita. That phāṇita, if received before noon, is permissible even with meat before noon. From after noon onwards, it is permissible only without meat for seven days. After seven days, it is to be given up by counting the base. If many lumps are crushed and put into one container, forming a dense mass, it is only one to be given up. What has been taken up is to be understood in the manner stated, to be applied to fumigating houses and so on. Phāṇita made from unboiled sugarcane juice, if received before noon, and if made by an unordained person, is permissible even with meat. If made by oneself, it is permissible only without meat. But from after noon onwards, because it was received with a base, it is not to be consumed; even after seven days, there is no offense. If made from what was received unboiled after noon, it is also not to be consumed; even after seven days, there is no offense. This rule applies also to phāṇita made after receiving sugarcane. But phāṇita made from what was received boiled before noon, if made by an unordained person, is permissible even with meat before noon; from after noon onwards, it is only without meat for seven days. If made by oneself, it is only without meat even before noon. But if made from what was received boiled after noon, it is only without meat for seven days. What is made from what has been taken up is in the same manner as stated. "Burnt sugarcane phāṇita or crushed sugarcane phāṇita is permissible only before noon," is stated in the Mahāaṭṭhakathā. Mahāpaccarī This, however, having made the inquiry: “Is this fruit-based preparation allowable, or not allowable?” it was said: “There is no such thing as sugarcane syrup after a meal that is not allowable.” That is correct. Honey-flower syrup made with cold water is allowable before a meal with meat. From after the meal onwards, for seven days, it is only without meat. If seven days are exceeded, a dukkaṭa offense for each item. Honey-flower syrup made by adding milk is for a limited time. But refined sugar is purified by removing the milk scum. Therefore, it is allowable. But the honey-flower is allowable fresh before a meal. It is also allowable roasted. Having roasted it, whether mixed with sesame and so on, or unmixed, and pounded, it is also allowable. If, however, taking it, they use it for intoxicating liquor, then, once used, from the seed onwards, it is not allowable. The syrup of all fruits for a limited time, such as banana, date, mango, breadfruit, jackfruit, tamarind, and so on, is for a limited time. They make syrup from ripe peppers. That is for life. “Having received them” means: Even if all of them are received and placed in one pot, made indistinguishable, if seven days are exceeded, only one is an offense entailing forfeiture. If separated, there are five offenses entailing forfeiture. But without exceeding seven days, whether by a sick person or a healthy person, in the manner stated, it should be consumed as desired. For there are seven kinds of “specified” things: specified for illness, specified for a person, specified for a time, specified for a season, specified for a place, specified for residence, specified for medicine. Among these, “specified for illness” means: “I allow, monks, raw flesh and raw blood for illnesses caused by non-humans” (Mahāvagga 264). Thus, that which is allowed specifying an illness, is allowable for one afflicted with that very illness, not for another. And indeed, it is allowable at the proper time and at the improper time, both proper and improper. “Specified for a person” means: “I allow, monks, rumination for a ruminant. But, monks, it should not be brought out through the mouth-opening and then swallowed” (Cūḷavagga 273). Thus, a person... Dedicated and permitted, that is allowable for that one, not for another. What is dedicated to a time is – "Monks, I allow four great disgusting things to be given – excrement, urine, ashes, clay," thus, permitted for a time when bitten by a snake, that is allowable even if not received at that time, not at another time. What is dedicated to an occasion is – "in group meals, except on occasion," thus, in this manner, the non-offenses permitted for certain occasions, those are non-offenses on those very occasions, not at other times. What is dedicated to a place is – "Monks, I allow ordination in such border regions with a group of five including a Vinaya-holder," thus, ordinations and so forth, permitted for a border region, those are allowable there, not in the middle region. What is dedicated to fat is – "Monks, I allow fats as medicines," thus, permitted by the name of fat, excluding human fat, the oil of all allowable and unallowable fats is allowable for those needing it to be consumed by way of oil consumption. What is dedicated to medicine is – "Monks, I allow five medicines," thus, clarified by the name of medicine, capable of spreading for food purposes: ghee, fresh butter, oil, honey, treacle. Having received them, they should be consumed at will before noon on that day, and from after noon, if there is a cause, for seven days in the manner stated. If, having gone past seven days, one perceives it as having gone past, it is an offense of relinquishment and expiation. Even if it is as small as a mustard seed, or just a single taste with the tongue taken with a finger, it must be relinquished, and the expiation must be confessed. It should not be consumed by bodily application. The body or a wound on the body should not be anointed. Even robes, staffs, sandals, foot-mats, beds, chairs, etc., anointed with them, are not to be used. "Even on doors, windows, and door panels, hands "It is not a place for grasping, it should not be smeared," it is said in the Mahāpaccariya. "But having put it in a yellow robe, the door and window shutters should be smeared," it is said in the Mahāaṭṭhakathā. No offense if he determines it within seven days. If he determines ghee, oil, fat, head-oil, or anointing oil, or honey for anointing wounds, or treacle for fumigating the house, within seven days, there is no offense. If he wishes to pour determined oil into an undetermined oil vessel, and if there is a fine hole in the vessel, and the oil that enters is covered by the old oil, it must be determined again. But if the opening is large, and much oil quickly enters and covers the old oil, there is no need for redetermination. For it is considered as having the same determination; by this method, pouring undetermined oil into a determined oil vessel should also be understood. 625. "He gives it up" – in this case, if something belonging to two people has been received by one and is undivided, there is no offense for either of them after seven days, but it is not proper to consume it. If the one who received it says to the other, "Friend, consume this oil for seven days." And he does not consume it, whose offense is it? It is no one's offense. Why? Because it was given up by the one who received it, and not received by the other. "It perishes" means it becomes unusable. In "with the mind of renunciation," etc., the mind with which medicine is renounced, vomited, and excreted is called the mind of renunciation, vomiting, and excretion. With that mind, the person is called unconcerned; thus, the meaning is, "having given it to a novice, being unconcerned." Why is this said?