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**4. Duality of Elements** **1. Section on Designations** **(Ka) Outline** 1. Eighteen elements – eye element, ear element, nose element, tongue element, body element, form element, sound element, smell element, taste element, touch element, eye-consciousness element, ear-consciousness element, nose-consciousness element, tongue-consciousness element, body-consciousness element, mind element, mind-consciousness element, phenomenon element. **1. Section on Analysis of Terms** **(Ka) Affirmative** 2. (Ka) Is the eye the eye element? (Kha) Is the eye element the eye? (Ka) Is the ear the ear element? (Kha) Is the ear element the ear?…[and so on]… (Ka) Is eye-consciousness the eye-consciousness element? (Kha) Is the eye-consciousness element eye-consciousness?…[and so on]… (Ka) Is the mind the mind element? (Kha) Is the mind element mind? (Ka) Is mind-consciousness the mind-consciousness element? (Kha) Is the mind-consciousness element mind-consciousness? (Ka) Is phenomenon the phenomenon element? (Kha) Is the phenomenon element phenomenon? **(Kha) Negative** 3. (Ka) Is not the eye not the eye element? (Kha) Is not the eye element not the eye? (Ka) Is not the ear not the ear element? (Kha) Is not the ear element not the ear?…[and so on]… (Ka) Is not eye-consciousness not the eye-consciousness element? (Kha) Is not the eye-consciousness element not eye-consciousness?…[and so on]… (Ka) Is not the mind not the mind element? (Kha) Is not the mind element not mind? (Ka) Is not mind-consciousness not the mind-consciousness element? (Kha) Is not the mind-consciousness element not mind-consciousness? (Ka) Is not phenomenon not the phenomenon element? (Kha) Is not the phenomenon element not phenomenon? **2. Section on the Root Cycle of Term Analysis** **(Ka) Affirmative** 4. (Ka) Is the eye the eye element? (Kha) Is the eye the ear element?…[and so on]… (Ka) Is the eye the eye element? (Kha) Is the eye the phenomenon element? (Just as the cycle is bound in the Āyatanayamaka, so should the cycle be bound here.) **(Kha) Negative** 5. (Ka) Is not the eye not the eye element? (Kha) Is not the eye not the ear element? (Ka) Is not the eye not the eye element? (Kha) Is not the eye not the nose element? element? ... (A) Is eye not eye-element? (B) Is element not dhamma-element? ... (A) Is dhamma not dhamma-element? (B) Is element not eye-element? ... (A) Is dhamma not dhamma-element? (B) Is element not mind-consciousness-element? (The wheel should be bound). 3. Chapter on Pure Elements (A) Affirmative 6. (A) Is eye an element? (B) Is element an eye? (A) Is ear an element? (B) Is element an ear? Is nose an element? ... Is tongue an element? ... Is body an element? ... Is form an element? ... Is sound an element? ... Is smell an element? ... Is taste an element? ... Is touch an element? ... (A) Is eye-consciousness an element? (B) Is element an eye-consciousness? (A) Is ear-consciousness an element? (B) Is element an ear-consciousness? ... Is nose-consciousness? ... Is tongue-consciousness? ... Is body-consciousness? (A) Is mind an element? (B) Is element a mind? (A) Is mind-consciousness an element? (B) Is element a mind-consciousness? (A) Is dhamma an element? (B) Is element a dhamma? (B) Negative 7. (A) Is eye not an element? (B) Is element not an eye? (A) Is ear not an element? (B) Is element not an ear? ... Is nose not? ... Is tongue not? ... Is body not? ... Is form not? ... Is sound not? ... Is smell not? ... Is taste not? ... Is touch not? (A) Is eye-consciousness not an element? (B) Is element not an eye-consciousness? ... Is ear-consciousness not? ... Is nose-consciousness not? ... Is tongue-consciousness not? (A) Is body-consciousness not an element? (B) Is element not a body-consciousness? (A) Is mind not an element? (B) Is element not a mind? (A) Is mind-consciousness not an element? (B) Is element not a mind-consciousness? (A) Is dhamma not an element? (B) Is element not a dhamma? 4. Chapter on the Root Wheel of Pure Elements (A) Affirmative 8. (A) Is eye an element? (B) Is element an ear? ... (A) Is eye an element? (B) Is element a dhamma? ... (A) Is dhamma an element? (B) Is element an eye? ... (A) Is dhamma an element? (B) Is element a mind-consciousness? (The wheel should be bound) (Kha) The contrary. 9. (Ka) Not eye, not element? (Kha) Not element, not ear? (Ka) Not eye, not element? (Kha) Not element, not nose?…And so on…. (Ka) Not eye, not element? (Kha) Not element, not phenomenon?…And so on… (Ka) Not phenomenon, not element? (Kha) Not element, not eye?…And so on… (Ka) Not phenomenon, not element? (Kha) Not element, not mind-consciousness? (The wheel should be bound). The section on the designation of concepts. (Kha) The exposition. 1. The section on the purification of terms. (Ka) In direct order. 10. (Ka) Is eye the eye-element? Divine eye, wisdom eye, are eye, but not eye-element. Eye-element is both eye and eye-element. (Kha) Is eye-element eye? Yes. (Ka) Is ear the ear-element? Divine ear, craving ear, are ear, but not ear-element. Ear-element is both ear and ear-element. (Kha) Is ear-element ear? Yes. (Ka) Is nose the nose-element? Yes. (Kha) Is nose-element nose? Yes. (Tongue is similar to nose-element). (Ka) Is body the body-element? The rest of the body, apart from the body-element, is body, but not body-element. Body-element is both body and body-element. (Kha) Is body-element body? Yes. (Ka) Is form the form-element? The rest of form, apart from the form-element, is form, but not form-element. Form-element is both form and form-element. (Kha) Is form-element form? Yes. (Sound is similar to nose). (Ka) Is smell the smell-element? Smell of virtue, smell of concentration, smell of wisdom, are smell, but not smell-element. Smell-element is both smell and smell-element. (Kha) Is smell-element smell? Yes. (Ka) Is taste the taste-element? Taste of meaning, taste of Dhamma, taste of liberation, are taste, but not taste-element. Taste-element is both taste and taste-element. (Kha) Is taste-element taste? Yes. (Touch is similar to nose). (Ka) Is eye-consciousness the eye-consciousness-element? Yes. (Kha) Is eye-consciousness-element eye-consciousness? Yes. Ear-consciousness…and so on…nose-consciousness … tongue-consciousness… body-consciousness… (A) Is mind mind-element? Excluding mind-element, the rest is mind, not mind-element. Mind-element is both mind and mind-element. (B) Is mind-element mind? Yes. (A) Is mind-consciousness mind-consciousness-element? Yes. (B) Is mind-consciousness-element mind-consciousness? Yes. (A) Is phenomenon phenomenon-element? Excluding phenomenon-element, the rest is phenomenon, not phenomenon-element. Phenomenon-element is both phenomenon and phenomenon-element. (B) Is phenomenon-element phenomenon? Yes. (B) The opposite. 11. (A) Is not eye not eye-element? Yes. (B) Is not eye-element not eye? Divine eye, wisdom eye are not eye-element, but are eye. Excluding eye and eye-element, the rest is neither eye nor eye-element. (A) Is not ear not ear-element? Yes. (B) Is not ear-element not ear? Divine ear, craving ear are not ear-element, but are ear. Excluding ear and ear-element, the rest is neither ear nor ear-element. (A) Is not nose not nose-element? Yes. (B) Is not nose-element not nose? Yes. Not tongue… (abbreviated, for both, yes). (A) Is not body not body-element? Yes. (B) Is not body-element not body? Excluding body-element, the rest is not body-element, but is body. Excluding body and body-element, the rest is neither body nor body-element. (A) Is not form not form-element? Yes. (B) Is not form-element not form? Excluding form-element, the rest is not form-element, but is form. Excluding form and form-element, the rest is neither form nor form-element. Not sound… and so on… Is not smell not smell-element? Yes. Is not smell-element not smell? The smell of virtue, the smell of concentration, the smell of wisdom are not smell-element, but are smell. Excluding smell and smell-element, the rest is neither smell nor smell-element. (Ka) Is there no taste, no taste-element? Yes. (Kha) Is there no taste-element, no taste? The taste of meaning, the taste of Dhamma, the taste of liberation, is not a taste-element, it is taste. Excluding taste and taste-element, the remainder is neither taste nor taste-element. Is there no touchable… (and so on) … no eye-consciousness, no eye-consciousness-element? Yes. Is there no eye-consciousness-element, no eye-consciousness? Yes. No ear-consciousness… (and so on) … no nose-consciousness… no tongue-consciousness… no body-consciousness…. (Ka) Is there no mind, no mind-element? Yes. (Kha) Is there no mind-element, no mind? Excluding the mind-element, the remainder is not a mind-element, it is mind. Excluding mind and mind-element, the remainder is neither mind nor mind-element. (Ka) Is there no mind-consciousness, no mind-consciousness-element? Yes. (Kha) Is there no mind-consciousness-element, no mind-consciousness? Yes. (Ka) Is there no phenomenon, no phenomenon-element? Yes. (Kha) Is there no phenomenon-element, no phenomenon? Excluding the phenomenon-element, the remainder is not a phenomenon-element, it is phenomenon. Excluding phenomenon and phenomenon-element, the remainder is neither phenomenon nor phenomenon-element. 2. The Root Cycle of Word Analysis (Ka) Direct Order 12. (Ka) Is eye an eye-element? The divine eye, the eye of wisdom, is eye, not an eye-element. The eye-element is both eye and eye-element. (Kha) Is element an ear-element? The ear-element is both element and ear-element. The remaining elements are not ear-elements. (Ka) Is eye an eye-element? The divine eye, the eye of wisdom, is eye, not an eye-element. The eye-element is both eye and eye-element. Is element a nose-element… (and so on) … is element a phenomenon-element? The phenomenon-element is both element