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it is expounded in that method. Just as in one method all methods have entered, so should it be expounded. And in one method the eighteen root-terms have entered. When that dhamma is understood, all dhammas are understood. Of these three methods, the Lion's Play method has four fruits as its culmination. For the first direction, the first fruit, for the second direction, the second fruit, for the third direction, the third fruit, for the fourth direction, the fourth fruit. The Tipukkhala method has three liberation-doors as its culmination. For the first direction, the aimless, for the second direction, the emptiness, for the third direction, the signless. The Nandiyāvaṭṭa method has liberation of mind through dispassion for lust, and liberation of wisdom through dispassion for ignorance as its culmination. For the first direction, liberation of mind through dispassion for lust, for the second direction, liberation of wisdom through dispassion for ignorance. These three methods are an illumination of the eighteen root-terms of these three methods; this is called the Direction-Illuminating method. Having illuminated, one knows "this dhamma serves this dhamma" as a right connection. In the wholesome side and the unwholesome side, this method is called the hook. These are the five methods. Here are these summary verses: Craving and ignorance too, greed, hatred, and delusion as well; And the four perversions, nine terms of the defilement-ground. And those foundations of mindfulness, tranquility and insight, wholesome roots; All this is wholesome, nine terms of the faculty-ground. All wholesome is connected by nine terms, and unwholesome by nine; These are those root-terms, eighteen terms in total. Craving and ignorance, tranquility and insight; He who leads in all, endowed with connection, this method is Nandiyāvaṭṭa. That which by wholesome roots, leads by wholesome and unwholesome roots; That which is real, true, not otherwise, that method they call Tipukkhala. He leads by perversions, and by defilements and faculties; That method in the Dhamma and Vinaya they call, the Lion's Play. When the exposition is spoken, by wholesome states and unwholesome states; It illuminates the three, this method is called Direction-Illuminating. Having looked by the direction-illuminating, that which it raises up and brings together; All wholesome and unwholesome Lo, this method is called the Goad. The Establishment of Methods. In the Peṭakopadesa, of the Elder Mahākaccāyana, the Exposition of Sutta-analysis is completed. Those fours, unwholesome and wholesome, are expounded in the method of the Lion's Play; the threes, wholesome and unwholesome, are expounded in the method of the Three-petalled Lotus; the twos, wholesome and unwholesome, are expounded in the method of the Joyful Turn. In which two wholesome states, that meaning, when divided into threes, is the ground of becoming; and moreover, all meaning is indicated by three expressions. Thus much is stated. That meaning which has no ground to be expounded by four terms, by twenty-eight divisions, it expounds by four terms nevertheless. Thus, this is the standard for not deviating from what has been expounded. Just as all concentrations should be found in three concentrations: in those with initial and sustained application, in those with only sustained application, in those without initial and sustained application— this is the standard. There is no fourth concentration. Similarly, the three wisdoms— born of reflection, born of learning, born of development— are indicated in all wisdoms. There is no fourth wisdom, not born of reflection, not born of learning, not born of development; nor is there wisdom for it which is the non-distraction of these phenomena. This is called the standard. The Peṭakopadesa of the Elder Mahākaccāyana, dwelling in the Jambu Grove, is completed. The treatise Peṭakopadesa is concluded.