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They, pleased with the Visionary. Those sixteen Brahmins of the Way to the Far Shore. Pleased means pleased, very pleased, satisfied, delighted, gratified, made happy – they were pleased. With the Visionary means the Blessed One is a visionary with five eyes – a visionary with the flesh-eye, a visionary with the divine-eye, a visionary with the wisdom-eye, a visionary with the Buddha-eye, a visionary with the all-seeing-eye. How is the Blessed One a visionary with the flesh-eye… …thus the Blessed One is a visionary with the all-seeing-eye – they were pleased with the Visionary. By the Buddha, Kinsman of the Sun. Buddha means that Blessed One… …a true designation, that is, Buddha. Kinsman of the Sun means the sun is called Sūriya. He is Gotama by clan, the Blessed One is also Gotama by clan, the Blessed One is a clan-relative, a clan-kinsman of Sūriya. Therefore, the Buddha is the Kinsman of the Sun – by the Buddha, Kinsman of the Sun. They lived the holy life. Holy life means abstinence, desisting, refraining, avoidance, desisting from, non-doing, non-committing, non-transgression of the boundary, breaking of the dam, from the indulgence in unholy conduct. Moreover, in an ultimate sense, holy life means the Noble Eightfold Path, that is – right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. They lived the holy life means they lived, they practiced, they undertook and observed the holy life – they lived the holy life. In the presence of the supreme wise one. Of the supreme wise one means of the foremost wise one, of the best wise one, of the most excellent wise one, of the leading wise one, of the highest wise one, of the most eminent wise one. In the presence means in the presence, nearby, not far off, close by – in the presence of the supreme wise one. Therefore, it is said – “They were pleased with the Visionary, By the Buddha, Kinsman of the Sun; They lived the holy life, In the presence of the supreme wise one.” 100. For each and every question, As taught by the Buddha; Whoever practices accordingly, Will go to the far shore from the shoreless. For each and every question means for each and every question of Ajita of each question, of each Tissa-Metteyya question… of each Piṅgiya question – of each question. As taught by the Buddha. Buddha means that Blessed One, the Self-Awakened… a true designation, that is, Buddha. As taught by the Buddha means as explained by the Buddha, taught, made known, established, revealed, analyzed, expounded, made clear, proclaimed – as taught by the Buddha. Whoever practices accordingly means whoever practices the right practice, the conforming practice, the unopposing practice, the meaningful practice, the practice in accordance with Dhamma – whoever practices accordingly. May go to the far shore from the near shore. The far shore is called the Deathless, Nibbāna… cessation, Nibbāna; the near shore is called defilements, and aggregates, and formations. May go to the far shore from the near shore means may go to the far shore from the near shore, may attain the far shore, may touch the far shore, may realize the far shore – may go to the far shore from the near shore. Therefore it is said – “Of each question, as taught by the Buddha; Whoever practices accordingly, may go to the far shore from the near shore.” 101. From the near shore to the far shore may one go, developing the supreme path; That path is for going to the far shore, therefore it is called the Way to the Far Shore. From the near shore to the far shore may one go. The near shore is called defilements, and aggregates, and formations; the far shore is called the Deathless, Nibbāna… the destruction of craving, dispassion, cessation, Nibbāna. From the near shore to the far shore may one go means from the near shore to the far shore may one go, may attain the far shore, may touch the far shore, may realize the far shore – from the near shore to the far shore may one go. Developing the supreme path. The supreme path is called the Noble Eightfold Path, namely – right view… right concentration. The supreme path means the path, the foremost, the best, the most excellent, the chief, the supreme, the pre-eminent. Developing means developing, cultivating, making much of – developing the supreme path. That path is for going to the far shore means – The path, the way, the road A path, a road, a way, A ship, a bridge, a raft, A ferry, a crossing, a passage. For going to the far shore, for going to the far shore, for reaching the far shore, for attaining the far shore, for crossing over old age and death— that is the path for going to the far shore. Therefore it is called "Pārāyana." "Therefore" means for that reason, for that cause, for that condition, for that origin. "Pāra" is called the deathless, Nibbāna… …cessation, Nibbāna. "Ayana" is called the path. "Iti" is a word conjunction… …this "iti" is a sequence of words— therefore it is "Pārāyana." Therefore it is said: "From the near shore to the far shore, one should go, cultivating the supreme path; That is the path for going to the far shore, therefore it is called 'Pārāyana'." The eighteenth section: The Explanation of the Verses of Praise for Pārāyana. 18. The Explanation of the Verses Sung After Pārāyana 102. I will sing after Pārāyana, [thus said Venerable Piṅgiya] As he saw, so he declared, the stainless one, of vast wisdom; Desireless, without craving, a Nāga, for what reason would he speak falsely? "I will sing after Pārāyana" means I will sing the song, I will recount what was said, I will repeat what was spoken, I will utter what was uttered, I will declare what was declared— "I will sing after Pārāyana." "Thus said Venerable Piṅgiya." "Thus" is a word conjunction… …this "thus" is a sequence of words— "thus." "Venerable" is a term of endearment, a term of respect, a respectful and reverential address— "Venerable." "Piṅgiya" is the name, designation, appellation, designation, usage, name, naming, nomenclature, etymology, expression, declaration of that elder— "thus said Venerable Piṅgiya." "As he saw, so he declared" means as he saw, so he declared, explained, taught, made known, established, revealed, analyzed, made clear, proclaimed. "All formations are impermanent"— as he saw, so he declared, explained, taught, made known, established, revealed, analyzed, made clear, proclaimed. "S “All formations are suffering”— ... “All phenomena are non-self”— “Whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease”— As he saw, so he declared. He explained, he taught, he made known, he established, he revealed, he analyzed, he made clear, he proclaimed— As he saw, so he declared. Stainless, of vast wisdom. ‘Stainless’ means lust is a stain, hatred is a stain, delusion is a stain, anger... resentment... all unwholesome volitional formations are stains. These stains for the Buddha, the Blessed One, are abandoned, uprooted, made like a palm-stump, brought to non-existence, not liable to arise in the future. The Buddha is unstained, stainless, pure, free from stains, rid of stains, liberated from stains, transcending all stains. ‘Vast’ is said to be the earth. The Blessed One is endowed with wisdom vast and extensive like the earth. ‘Wisdom’ is said to be discernment. That discernment, understanding... non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view. The Blessed One is endowed, fully endowed, possessed, fully possessed, accomplished, fully accomplished, furnished with this wisdom, this discernment. Therefore, the Buddha is of good wisdom. Thus: Stainless, of vast wisdom. Desireless, unbound, a Nāga. ‘Desires’ are, in summary, two kinds of desires: desires for objects and desires as defilements... these are called desires for objects... these are called desires as defilements. For the Buddha, the Blessed One, desires for objects are fully understood, desires as defilements are abandoned. Because desires for objects are fully understood, and desires as defilements are abandoned. The Blessed One does not desire desires, does not wish for desires, does not long for desires, does not crave desires, does not hanker after desires. Those who desire desires, wish for desires, long for desires, crave desires, hanker after desires— they are desire-lovers, lust-lovers, perception-lovers. The Blessed One does not desire desires, does not wish for desires, does not long for desires, does not crave desires, does not hanker after desires. Therefore, the Buddha is without desire, desireless, having abandoned desire, having vomited desire, having released desire, having given up desire, having renounced desire; dispassionate, free from passion, having abandoned passion, having vomited passion, having released passion, having given up passion, having renounced passion, unthirsting. He is extinguished, cooled, experiencing happiness, dwelling with a Brahma-like self – desireless. Nibbana means: lust is a thicket, hatred is a thicket, delusion is a thicket, anger is a thicket, resentment is a thicket… all unwholesome volitional formations are thickets. These thickets for the Buddha, the Blessed One, are abandoned, uprooted, made like a palm-stump, brought to non-existence, not liable to arise in the future. Therefore the Buddha is without thickets, free from thickets, extinguished from thickets, gone beyond thickets, completely rid of thickets, liberated from thickets, transcending all thickets – thus, Nibbana. Nāga means Nāga; the Blessed One does no evil, thus Nāga, does not go (to evil), thus Nāga, does not come (to evil), thus Nāga… thus the Blessed One does not come (to evil), thus Nāga – desireless, extinguished, Nāga. For what reason does one speak falsely? For what reason means: for what reason, for what cause, for what ground, for what origin, for what condition – for what reason. One speaks falsely means: one might speak falsely, might tell,