English
Those phenomena of which the arising is known from the beginning, and of which the cessation is known from the ending, kamma is dependent on result, result is dependent on kamma, name is dependent on form, form is dependent on name, followed by birth, pervaded by aging, overcome by sickness, struck down by death, established in suffering, without protection, without refuge, without shelter, without a haven – these are called sufferings. These sufferings are rooted in upadhi, have upadhi as their cause, have upadhi as their condition, have upadhi as their reason; they arise, come into being, are born, are produced, come forth, appear – thus, sufferings arise rooted in upadhi. Whatever various kinds there are in the world. Whatever means all, entirely, in every way, completely, without remainder, without exception – whatever. In the world means in the planes of deprivation, in the human world, in the divine world, in the world of aggregates, in the world of elements, in the world of sense bases. Various kinds means of many kinds, of diverse sorts, sufferings – whatever various kinds there are in the world. Therefore, the Blessed One said: “Indeed, you ask me about the origin of suffering, That I will explain to you as I understand; Sufferings arise rooted in upadhi, Whatever various kinds there are in the world.” 20. Whoever, ignorant, makes upadhi, That fool repeatedly experiences suffering; Therefore, understanding, one should not make upadhi, Observing the origin and arising of suffering. Whoever, ignorant, makes upadhi: Whoever, of whatever kind, in whatever way, in whatever state From this, of whatever kind, whatever state attained, whatever quality endowed with, whether a warrior, or a brahmin, or a merchant, or a worker, or a householder, or a renunciant, or a god, or a human. "Unknowing" means gone into ignorance, ignorant, not discerning, unwise. "Makes upadhi" means makes craving-upadhi, makes view-upadhi, makes defilement-upadhi, makes kamma-upadhi, makes misconduct-upadhi, makes nutriment-upadhi, makes aversion-upadhi, makes the four clung-to elements upadhi, makes the six internal sense bases upadhi, makes the six consciousness-groups upadhi; generates, produces, brings forth, brings into being – the unknowing one makes upadhi. "Again and again the fool encounters suffering" means again and again the suffering of birth, the suffering of old age, the suffering of sickness, the suffering of death, the suffering of sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair; comes to, approaches, goes to, grasps, clings to, adheres to – again and again encounters suffering. "Fool" means a fool, deluded, unknowing, gone into ignorance, ignorant, not discerning, unwise – again and again the fool encounters suffering. "Therefore, knowing, one should not make upadhi." "Therefore" means for that reason, for that cause, for that condition, for that origin, seeing this danger in upadhi – therefore. "Knowing" means knowing, understanding, discerning, comprehending, penetrating, "all formations are impermanent" – knowing, understanding, discerning, comprehending, penetrating, "all formations are suffering" – knowing, understanding, discerning, comprehending, penetrating, "all phenomena are not-self" – knowing, understanding, discerning, comprehending, penetrating, "whatever is of the nature to arise, all that is of the nature to cease" – knowing, understanding, discerning, comprehending, penetrating. "Should not make upadhi" means should not make craving-upadhi, should not make view-upadhi, should not make defilement-upadhi, should not make misconduct-upadhi, should not make nutriment-upadhi, should not make aversion-upadhi, should not make the four clung-to elements upadhi, should not make the six internal sense bases upadhi, should not make the six consciousness-groups upadhi. should make, should not produce, should not generate, should not bring forth, should not manifest. Therefore, one who understands should not make attachment. Of suffering, that is: of the suffering of birth, of the suffering of old age, of the suffering of sickness, of the suffering of death, of the suffering of sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief, and despair. One who sees the origin, that is: of suffering, sees the root, sees the cause, sees the source, sees the arising, sees the origin, sees the generation, sees the nutriment, sees the object, sees the condition, sees the accumulation. Seeing is called knowledge. That wisdom, understanding... non-delusion, investigation of phenomena, right view. With this seeing, with this wisdom, one is endowed, fully endowed, approached, fully approached, attained, fully attained, possessed. He is called one who sees – sees the origin of suffering from birth. Therefore the Blessed One said – "Whoever, indeed, ignorant, makes attachment, again and again approaches suffering, the foolish one; Therefore, one who understands should not make attachment, seeing the origin of suffering from birth." 21. What we asked you, you declared to us, we ask you another thing, please tell us that; How, indeed, do the wise cross over the flood, birth, old age, and sorrow, lamentation? That to me, O sage, please explain well, for indeed to you this Dhamma is known. "What we asked you, you declared to us" means: what we asked you, we requested, we implored, we pleased. "You declared to us" means: declared, fully declared, explained, taught, made known, established, revealed, analyzed, made clear, made manifest. "What we asked you, you declared to us." "We ask you another thing, please tell us that" means: we ask you another thing, we request another thing from you, we implore another thing from you, we please you with another thing, we ask you further. "Please tell us that" means: please tell, explain, teach, make known, establish, reveal, analyze, make clear, make manifest. "We ask you another thing, please tell us that." How How then do the wise cross the flood, birth, old age, sorrow, and lamentation? "How then?" is a question of doubt, a question of uncertainty, a question of perplexity, a question of ambiguity— "Is it so? Is it not so? What then? How then?"— How then? The wise means the wise, the learned, the sagacious, the endowed with wisdom, the intelligent, the knowing, the discerning, the insightful. The flood means the flood of sensual desire, the flood of becoming, the flood of views, the flood of ignorance. Birth means that birth, coming to be, descent, production, full production, appearance of the aggregates, acquisition of the sense bases of those beings in this or that group of beings. Old age means that old age, aging, decay, broken teeth, grey hair, wrinkled skin, decline of life, decay of the faculties of those beings in this or that group of beings. Sorrow means of one afflicted by loss of relatives, or afflicted by loss of wealth, or afflicted by disease, or afflicted by loss of virtue, or afflicted by loss of right view, or endowed with any other misfortune, or afflicted by any other painful state: sorrow, grieving, state of being sorrowful, inner sorrow, inner deep sorrow, inner burning, inner intense burning, mental distress, displeasure, dart of sorrow. Lamentation means of one afflicted by loss of relatives, or afflicted by loss of wealth, or afflicted by disease, or afflicted by loss of virtue, or afflicted by loss of right view, or endowed with any other misfortune, or afflicted by any other painful state: wailing, lamentation, crying out, lamenting, state of wailing, state of lamenting, verbal babbling, excessive babbling, wailing, lamenting, state of wailing. How then do the wise cross the flood, birth, old age, sorrow, and lamentation? How do the wise cross, cross over, cross completely, overcome, transcend, pass beyond the flood, and birth, and old age, and sorrow, and lamentation? "Tanti" means: How indeed do the wise Cross the flood? Birth, old age, Sorrow and lamentation. That, O Sage, Please explain well to me. "Tanti" means That which I ask, That which I request, That which I entreat, That which I make clear. "Muni" is Called wisdom. That wisdom, Understanding... Non-delusion, Investigation of phenomena, Right view. The Blessed One, Endowed with that knowledge, Is a sage, Having attained sagely wisdom. Three kinds of sagely wisdom: Sagely wisdom of body, Sagely wisdom of speech, Sagely wisdom of mind. What is sagely wisdom of body? The abandoning of three kinds of bodily misconduct Is sagely wisdom of body. Three kinds of bodily good conduct Is sagely wisdom of body. Knowledge regarding bodily objects Is sagely wisdom of body. Full understanding of the body Is sagely wisdom of body. The path accompanied by full understanding Is sagely wisdom of body. The abandoning of desire and lust for the body Is sagely wisdom of body. The cessation of bodily formations, The attainment of the fourth jhana, Is sagely wisdom of body. This is sagely wisdom of body. What is sagely wisdom of speech? The abandoning of four kinds of verbal misconduct Is sagely wisdom of speech. Four kinds of verbal good conduct Is sagely wisdom of speech. Knowledge regarding verbal objects Is sagely wisdom of speech. Full understanding of speech Is sagely wisdom of speech. The path accompanied by full understanding Is sagely wisdom of speech. The abandoning of desire and lust for speech Is sagely wisdom of speech. The cessation of verbal formations, The attainment of the second jhana, Is sagely wisdom of speech. This is sagely wisdom of speech. What is sagely wisdom of mind? The abandoning of three kinds of mental misconduct Is sagely wisdom of mind. Three kinds of mental good conduct Is sagely wisdom of mind. Knowledge regarding mental objects Is sagely wisdom of mind. Full understanding of the mind Is sagely wisdom of mind. The path accompanied by full understanding Is sagely wisdom of mind. The abandoning of desire and lust for the mind Is sagely wisdom of mind.