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12. Explanation of the Cūḷaviyūhasutta Now he will explain the Cūḷaviyūhasutta – 113. Each one clinging to their own view, Disputing, various experts declare; Whoever thus knows, he understands the Dhamma, He who rejects this is incomplete. “Each one clinging to their own view” means: There are some recluses and brahmins who are caught in views; they, taking up, grasping, seizing, clinging to, and adhering to one or another of the sixty-two views, dwell, reside, live, and abide in their own view. Just as householders dwell in houses, or those with offenses dwell in offenses, or those with defilements dwell in defilements; even so, there are some recluses and brahmins who are caught in views, they, taking up, grasping, seizing, clinging to, and adhering to one or another of the sixty-two views, dwell, reside, live, and abide in their own view – this is “each one clinging to their own view.” “Disputing, various experts declare” means: “Disputing” means taking up, grasping, seizing, clinging to, and adhering to, they speak variously, they speak diversely, they speak against each other, they speak separately, they do not speak as one, they explain, they declare, they expound, they assert. “Experts” means those who speak skillfully, those who speak wisely, those who speak firmly, those who speak logically, those who speak with reasons, those who speak with characteristics, those who speak with causes, those who speak with grounds, according to their own doctrine – this is “disputing, various experts declare.” “Whoever thus knows, he understands the Dhamma” means: Whoever knows this Dhamma, this view, this practice, this path, he understands the Dhamma, he has known, he has seen, he has penetrated – this is “whoever thus knows, he understands the Dhamma.” “He who rejects this is incomplete” means: Whoever rejects this Dhamma, this view, this practice, this path, he is incomplete, he is not perfect, he is not full, he is inferior, low, mean, contemptible, poor, meager – this is “he who rejects this is incomplete.” Therefore, that one, the created one, said: “Each one clinging to their own view, Here, disputing, various skilled ones say; Whoever thus knows, he knows the Dhamma, This, rejecting, he is not complete. 114. Thus too, disputing, they debate, The other is foolish, unskilled, they say; Which of these is the true statement? For all of these are declared skilled. "Thus too, disputing, they debate." Thus having taken, having grasped, having seized, having clung, having adhered, they debate; they make quarrels, they make disputes, they make contentions, they make controversies, they make strife – "You do not know this Dhamma and Discipline… (and so on)… explain it if you can" – thus too, disputing, they debate. "The other is foolish, unskilled, they say." The other is foolish, inferior, lowly, mean, contemptible, wretched, insignificant, unskilled, ignorant, enveloped in ignorance, unknowing, uncomprehending, of poor wisdom, thus, thus they said, thus they speak, thus they declare, thus they explain, thus they assert – the other is foolish, unskilled, they say. "Which of these is the true statement?" Of these recluses and brahmins, which statement is true, factual, real, actual, not mistaken, thus – which of these is the true statement? "For all of these are declared skilled." All these recluses and brahmins are speakers of skill, speakers of wisdom, speakers of firmness, speakers of method, speakers of cause, speakers of characteristics, speakers of reasons, speakers of grounds, according to their own doctrine, thus – for all of these are declared skilled. Therefore, the created one said – "Thus too, disputing, they debate, The other is foolish, unskilled, they say; Which of these is the true statement? For all of these are declared skilled." 115. If one does not approve another's doctrine, He is foolish, mean, of inferior wisdom; All are foolish, very inferior in wisdom, All these are enveloped in views. "If one does not approve another's doctrine." Another's doctrine, view, practice, path, not approving, not observing, not assenting, not agreeing, not rejoicing, thus – if one does not approve another's doctrine. "He is foolish, mean, of inferior wisdom." The other is foolish, inferior, lowly, mean, contemptible, wretched, insignificant he, of inferior wisdom, of low wisdom, of mean wisdom, of base wisdom, of poor wisdom, of little wisdom – he is a fool, of low wisdom. All fools are of very low wisdom. All these recluses and brahmins are fools, inferior, low, mean, base, poor, little, all are of inferior wisdom, of low wisdom, of mean wisdom, of base wisdom, of poor wisdom, of little wisdom – all fools are of very low wisdom. All these are dwelling in views. All these recluses and brahmins are bound by views; they, having taken up, grasped, seized, clung to, and settled on one or another of the sixty-two views, dwell, reside, abide, and live in their own views. Just as householders dwell in houses, or those with offenses dwell in offenses, or those with defilements dwell in defilements; even so all these recluses and brahmins are bound by views…pe… they live – all these are dwelling in views. Therefore the Blessed One said: “If one does not approve another’s Dhamma, He is a fool, of low wisdom; All fools are of very low wisdom, All these are dwelling in views.” 116. Not purified by their own views, But of pure wisdom, skilled, discerning; None of them is of inferior wisdom, For their views are likewise complete. Not purified by their own views. By their own view, by their own acceptance, by their own liking, by their own doctrine, not purified, not cleansed, not thoroughly cleansed, defiled, defiling – not purified by their own views. Of pure wisdom, skilled, discerning. Of pure wisdom, of very pure wisdom, of thoroughly pure wisdom, of cleansed wisdom, of thoroughly cleansed wisdom. Or of pure vision, of very pure vision, of thoroughly pure vision, of cleansed vision, of thoroughly cleansed vision – of pure wisdom. Skilled means skilled, wise, intelligent, endowed with power, knowing, discerning, sagacious – of pure wisdom, skilled. Discerning means discerning, wise, intelligent. They are mighty, wise, discerning, intelligent – with purified wisdom, skillful, mindful. Among them, none is deficient in wisdom. Among those recluses and brahmins, none is of inferior wisdom, low wisdom, mean wisdom, base wisdom, poor wisdom, limited wisdom. All are of excellent wisdom, distinguished wisdom, foremost wisdom, supreme wisdom, pre-eminent wisdom – among them, none is deficient in wisdom. Indeed, their view is likewise complete. The view of those recluses and brahmins is likewise complete, adopted, grasped, clung to, firmly held, settled, resolved – indeed, their view is likewise complete. Therefore, the Blessed One said: "Not purified by their own view, With purified wisdom, skillful, mindful; Among them, none is deficient in wisdom, Indeed, their view is likewise complete." 117. I do not say this is true, What fools say, mutually, one to another; They made their own view true, Therefore, they call another a fool. "I do not say this is true." "Na" is a negation. This refers to "the sixty-two views." "I do not say this is actual, real, existent, factual, not contrary," I declare, teach, explain, establish, reveal, analyze, make clear, proclaim – "I do not say this is true." "What fools say, mutually, one to another." "Mutually" means two people, two quarrelers, two disputants, two debaters, two arguers, two litigants, two speakers, two conversers; they say of each other, "a fool, inferior, low, mean, base, poor, limited." Thus they say, thus they declare, thus they speak, thus they illustrate, thus they express – "what fools say, mutually, one to another." "They made their own view true." "The world is eternal, this alone is true, other views are vain" – they made their own view true. "The world is not eternal, i... "This alone is true, anything else is vain"... "The Tathāgata neither is nor is not after death, this alone is true, anything else is vain"— each made their own view true. Therefore they call others fools. Therefore, for that reason, for that cause, for that condition, for that origin, for that source, they call others fools, inferior, lowly, mean, contemptible, worthless, insignificant; they see, they behold, they look, they observe, they scrutinize, they examine— therefore they call others fools. Therefore the Blessed One said: "I do not call that true, which fools declare to each other; Each made their own view true, therefore they call others fools." 118. What some call true and real, others call empty and false; Thus they dispute and contend, why do ascetics not speak as one? What some call true and real: That teaching, view, practice, path, which some ascetics and brahmins said, declared, spoke, expounded, expressed as: "This is true, factual, real, actual, correct, not otherwise"— what some call true and real. Others call empty and false: That very teaching, view, practice, path, which other ascetics and brahmins said, declared, spoke, expounded, expressed as: "This is empty, this is false, this is unreal, this is untrue, this is incorrect"— others call empty and false. Thus they dispute and contend: Thus taking, grasping, seizing, clinging, adhering, they dispute, they quarrel, they wrangle, they contend, they argue, they strive— "You do not understand this Dhamma and Discipline... ...explain it if you can!"— thus they dispute and contend. Why do ascetics not speak as one? Why? For what reason? For what cause? For what condition? For what origin? For what source? For what arising? The commentaries, from what do they arise? They do not speak one thing, they speak differently, they speak diversely, they speak contradictorily, they speak separately, they declare, they say, they explain, they express. Why do recluses not speak one thing?