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this first mental fetter... is completely eradicated. Furthermore, monks, a bhikkhu is dispassionate towards the body… is dispassionate towards forms… He does not, having eaten his fill, live devoted to the pleasure of lying down, the pleasure of reclining, the pleasure of sleepiness. He does not practice the holy life with the aspiration for some divine realm – ‘By this virtue or vow or austerity or holy life, I shall become a deva or a certain kind of deva.’ That bhikkhu, monks, who does not aspire for some divine realm… or a certain kind of deva, his mind inclines to ardency, to application, to persistence, to exertion. For whom the mind inclines to ardency, to application, to persistence, to exertion, thus for him this fifth mental bondage is completely eradicated. For him, these five mental bondages are completely eradicated. For any bhikkhu or bhikkhuni, monks, for whom these five mental barrennesses are abandoned, these five mental bondages are completely eradicated, for him, whatever night or day comes, only growth in wholesome states is to be expected, not decline. Just as, monks, for the moon in the bright fortnight, whatever night or day comes, it grows in luster, it grows in orb, it grows in radiance, it grows in ascent and circumference; even so, monks, for any bhikkhu or bhikkhuni, for whom these five mental barrennesses are abandoned, these five mental bondages are completely eradicated, for him, whatever night or day comes, only growth in wholesome states is to be expected, not decline. The Fourth. 5. The Discourse on Diligence 15. As far as, monks, beings are concerned, whether footless or two-footed or four-footed or many-footed, whether with form or without form, whether percipient or non-percipient or neither-percipient-nor-non-percipient, the Tathāgata, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Awakened One, is declared to be the foremost among them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have diligence as their root, diligence as their convergence. A Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever footprints of land-dwelling creatures there are, all of them are encompassed by the elephant's footprint; the elephant's footprint is declared the foremost of them, that is, by its greatness; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever rafters of a peaked house there are, all of them go to the peak, incline to the peak, converge on the peak; the peak is declared the foremost of them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever root fragrances there are, black spikenard is declared the foremost of them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever heartwood fragrances there are, red sandalwood is declared the foremost of them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever flower fragrances there are, jasmine is declared the foremost of them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever petty kings there are, all of them are followers of the Wheel-turning Monarch; the Wheel-turning Monarch is declared the foremost of them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, whatever light of star-forms there is, all of it is not worth a sixteenth part of the moon's light; the moon's light is declared the foremost of them; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is declared the foremost of them. Just as, monks, in the autumn season, when the sky is clear, free of clouds, the sun, ascending into the sky, having overcome all darkness in the sky, shines, burns, and blazes forth; Even so, monks, ... Just as, monks, whatever great rivers there are, namely – the Ganges, the Yamunā, the Aciravatī, the Sarabhū, the Mahī, all of them flow to the ocean, incline to the ocean, tend to the ocean, merge into the ocean, the great ocean is said to be their chief; even so, monks, whatever wholesome states there are, all of them have heedfulness as their root, converge on heedfulness. Heedfulness is said to be their chief. The fifth. 6. The Discourse on Those Worthy of Offerings 16. These ten, monks, individuals are worthy of offerings, worthy of hospitality, worthy of gifts, worthy of reverential salutation, an unsurpassed field of merit for the world. Which ten? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Awakened One, a Private Buddha, one liberated in both ways, one liberated by wisdom, a body-witness, one attained to view, one liberated by faith, a faith-follower, a Dhamma-follower, a clan-changer – these ten, monks, individuals are worthy of offerings, worthy of hospitality, worthy of gifts, worthy of reverential salutation, an unsurpassed field of merit for the world. The sixth. 7. The First Discourse on Protectors 17. Live with a protector, monks, not without one. It is suffering, monks, to live without a protector. These ten, monks, are qualities that make for a protector. Which ten? Here, monks, a monk is virtuous, he lives restrained by the Pātimokkha restraint, endowed with good conduct and resort, seeing danger in the slightest faults, he undertakes and trains in the training rules. And that, monks, a monk is virtuous, he lives restrained by the Pātimokkha restraint, endowed with good conduct and resort, seeing danger in the slightest faults, he undertakes and trains in the training rules, this quality too makes for a protector. Furthermore, monks, a monk is learned, he retains what he has heard, he accumulates what he has heard, those teachings that are good in the beginning, good in the middle, good in the end, that declare the holy life complete and pure in meaning and in letter, such teachings are much heard by him, retained, familiarized by speech, examined by mind, and well-penetrated by view. And that, monks, a monk is learned ...well-penetrated by understanding, this quality too provides a refuge. Furthermore, monks, a monk is a good friend, a good companion, a good associate. That a monk is a good friend, a good companion, a good associate, this quality too provides a refuge. Furthermore, monks, a monk is easy to admonish, endowed with qualities that make him easy to admonish, patient, takes instruction respectfully. That a monk is easy to admonish... takes instruction respectfully, this quality too provides a refuge. Furthermore, monks, a monk, regarding those various duties of his fellow practitioners, is skillful in them, not lazy, endowed with a discerning inquiry into the proper means, able to do them, able to arrange them. That a monk, regarding those various duties of his fellow practitioners... able to do them, able to arrange them, this quality too provides a refuge. Furthermore, monks, a monk is fond of the Dhamma, delights in speaking of it, has great joy in the higher Dhamma and higher Vinaya. That a monk is fond of the Dhamma, delights in speaking of it, has great joy in the higher Dhamma and higher Vinaya, this quality too provides a refuge. Furthermore, monks, a monk dwells with aroused energy for the abandoning of unwholesome qualities, for the acquiring of wholesome qualities, strong, firm in effort, not laying down the burden in wholesome qualities. That a monk dwells with aroused energy for the abandoning of unwholesome qualities, for the acquiring of wholesome qualities, strong, firm in effort, not laying down the burden in wholesome qualities, this quality too provides a refuge. Furthermore, monks, a monk is content with any kind of robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicinal requisites for the sick. That a monk is content with any kind of robes, almsfood, lodging, and medicinal requisites for the sick, this quality too provides a refuge. Again, monks, a monk is mindful, endowed with supreme mindfulness and discretion, remembering and recollecting what was done long ago, what was said long ago. And that, monks, a monk is mindful, endowed with supreme mindfulness and discretion, remembering and recollecting what was done long ago, what was said long ago— this too is a quality that provides a refuge. Again, monks, a monk is wise, endowed with wisdom that sees rise and fall, noble, penetrative, leading to the right destruction of suffering. And that, monks, a monk is wise, endowed with wisdom that sees rise and fall, noble, penetrative, leading to the right destruction of suffering— this too is a quality that provides a refuge. Dwell with a refuge, monks, not without a refuge. It is painful, monks, to dwell without a refuge. These, monks, are the ten qualities that provide a refuge. The Seventh. Thus have I heard: On one occasion the Blessed One was staying at Sāvatthī, in Jeta's Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika's Park. There the Blessed One addressed the monks, "Monks!" "Venerable sir!" those monks replied to the Blessed One. The Blessed One spoke thus: Dwell with a refuge, monks, not without a refuge. It is painful, monks, to dwell without a refuge. These ten, monks, are qualities that provide a refuge. Which ten? Here, monks, a monk is virtuous... ...he undertakes and trains in the training rules. "This monk is truly virtuous,