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those three spoken of as impermanent, those are internal and external. 2. The Chapter on Pairs 1. The First Discourse on Before Enlightenment 13. At Sāvatthī. "Before my enlightenment, bhikkhus, while I was still an unenlightened Bodhisatta, this thought occurred to me: ‘What is the gratification of the eye, what is the danger, what is the escape? What of the ear…(and so on)… what of the nose… what of the tongue… what of the body… what is the gratification of the mind, what is the danger, what is the escape?’ Then, bhikkhus, this occurred to me: ‘Whatever pleasure and joy arises dependent on the eye, that is the gratification of the eye. That the eye is impermanent, suffering, subject to change, that is the danger of the eye. That the subduing of desire and lust for the eye, the abandoning of desire and lust, that is the escape from the eye. Whatever pleasure and joy arises dependent on the ear… Whatever pleasure and joy arises dependent on the nose… Whatever pleasure and joy arises dependent on the tongue, that is the gratification of the tongue. That the tongue is impermanent, suffering, subject to change, that is the danger of the tongue. That the subduing of desire and lust for the tongue, the abandoning of desire and lust, that is the escape from the tongue. Whatever pleasure and joy arises dependent on the body… Whatever pleasure and joy arises dependent on the mind, that is the gratification of the mind. That the mind is impermanent, suffering, subject to change, that is the danger of the mind. That the subduing of desire and lust for the mind, the abandoning of desire and lust, that is the escape from the mind.’ As long, bhikkhus, as I did not fully understand as they really are the gratification, the danger, and the escape of these six internal sense bases, so long, bhikkhus, I did not declare myself to have awakened to the unexcelled perfect enlightenment in the world with its devas, its Māras, its Brahmās, among the generation of ascetics and brahmins, with its devas and humans. But when, bhikkhus, I did fully understand as they really are the gratification, the danger, and the escape of these six internal sense bases, then, bhikkhus, I did declare myself to have awakened to the unexcelled perfect enlightenment in the world with its devas, its Māras, its Brahmās, among the generation of ascetics and brahmins, with its devas and humans. And knowledge and vision arose in me: ‘My liberation is unshakeable. This is the last birth. There is now no more renewed existence.’ Eighth. 2. Second Discourse on Prior to Enlightenment 14. “Before my enlightenment, monks, while I was still an unawakened Bodhisatta, it occurred to me: ‘What is the gratification of forms? What is the danger? What is the escape? What is the gratification of sounds? ... What is the gratification of odors? ... What is the gratification of flavors? ... What is the gratification of tactile objects? ... What is the gratification of mental phenomena? What is the danger? What is the escape?’ Then, monks, it occurred to me: ‘The pleasure and joy that arise dependent on forms— this is the gratification of forms. That forms are impermanent, suffering, subject to change— this is the danger of forms. The subduing of desire and lust for forms, the abandoning of desire and lust for forms— this is the escape from forms. The pleasure and joy that arise dependent on sounds… odors… flavors… tactile objects… dependent on mental phenomena— this is the gratification of mental phenomena. That mental phenomena are impermanent, suffering, subject to change— this is the danger of mental phenomena. The subduing of desire and lust for mental phenomena, the abandoning of desire and lust for mental phenomena— this is the escape from mental phenomena.’ “As long as I, monks, did not fully understand these six external sense bases as gratification, as danger, as escape, as they really are, so long, monks, I did not declare myself to have awakened to the unexcelled perfect self-awakening in the world with its devas, with its Māra, with its Brahmā, among the generation with its ascetics and brahmins, with its devas and humans. But when I, monks, fully understood these six external sense bases as gratification, as danger, as escape, as they really are, then, monks, I declared myself to have awakened to the unexcelled perfect self-awakening in the world with its devas, with its Māra, with its Brahmā, among the generation with its ascetics and brahmins, with its devas and humans. And knowledge and vision arose in me: ‘My liberation is unshakeable. This is my last birth. Now there is no more renewed existence.’” Second. 3. First Discourse on the Search for Gratification 15. “I, monks, for the eye, Monks, I searched for gratification. Whatever the eye's gratification, that I found. To the extent of the eye's gratification, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the eye, monks, I searched for the danger. Whatever the eye's danger, that I found. To the extent of the eye's danger, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the eye, monks, I searched for the escape. Whatever the eye's escape, that I found. To the extent of the eye's escape, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the ear, monks... For the nose, monks... For the body, monks... For the tongue, monks, I searched for gratification. Whatever the tongue's gratification, that I found. To the extent of the tongue's gratification, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the tongue, monks, I searched for the danger. Whatever the tongue's danger, that I found. To the extent of the tongue's danger, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the tongue, monks, I searched for the escape. Whatever the tongue's escape, that I found. To the extent of the tongue's escape, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the mind, monks, I searched for gratification. Whatever the mind's gratification, that I found. To the extent of the mind's gratification, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the mind, monks, I searched for the danger. Whatever the mind's danger, that I found. To the extent of the mind's danger, that was well seen by my wisdom. For the mind, monks, I searched for the escape. Whatever the mind's escape, that I found. To the extent of the mind's escape, that was well seen by my wisdom. As long as, monks, for these six internal sense bases, I did not truly understand the gratification as gratification, the danger as danger, the escape as escape, as it really is... ... (until) I fully understood. Then knowledge and vision arose in me: 'Unshakable is my liberation. This is the final birth. There is now no more renewed existence.' Monks, I sought the gratification. What is the gratification of forms, that I attained. To the extent that there is gratification in forms, that was well seen by me with wisdom. Monks, I sought the danger in forms. What is the danger in forms, that I attained. To the extent that there is danger in forms, that was well seen by me with wisdom. Monks, I sought the escape from forms. What is the escape from forms, that I attained. To the extent that there is escape from forms, that was well seen by me with wisdom. Monks, for sounds... Monks, for odors... Monks, for tastes... Monks, for tactile objects... Monks, for mental phenomena, I sought the gratification. What is the gratification of mental phenomena, that I attained. To the extent that there is gratification in mental phenomena, that was well seen by me with wisdom. Monks, I sought the danger in mental phenomena. What is the danger in mental phenomena, that I attained. To the extent that there is danger in mental phenomena, that was well seen by me with wisdom. Monks, I sought the escape from mental phenomena. What is the escape from mental phenomena, that I attained. To the extent that there is escape from mental phenomena, that was well seen by me with wisdom. "As long as I, monks, did not fully understand, as it actually is, the gratification as gratification, the danger as danger, and the escape as escape, of these six external sense bases... ...[and then] fully understood and declared. Then knowledge and vision arose in me: 'Unshakable is my liberation. This is my last birth. Now there is no more renewed existence.'" The Fourth. 5. The First Discourse on If There Were No Gratification. 17. "Monks, if there were no gratification in the eye, beings would not be enamored of the eye. But because, monks, there is gratification in the eye, therefore beings are enamored of the eye. If there were no danger in the eye, beings would not become disenchanted with the eye. But because, monks, there is danger in the eye, therefore beings become disenchanted with the eye. If there were no esca ...escape there were not, then beings would not escape from the eye. But since, monks, there is an escape from the eye, therefore beings escape from the eye. If, monks, there were no gratification in the ear... If, monks, there were no gratification in the nose... If, monks, there were no gratification in the tongue, then beings would not be enamored of the tongue. But since, monks, there is gratification in the tongue, therefore beings are enamored of the tongue. If, monks, there were no danger in the tongue, then beings would not be disenchanted with the tongue. But since, monks, there is danger in the tongue, therefore beings are disenchanted with the tongue. If, monks, there were no escape from the tongue, then beings would not escape from the tongue. But since, monks, there is an escape from the tongue, therefore beings escape from the tongue. If, monks, there were no gratification in the body... If, monks, there were no gratification in the mind, then beings would not be enamored of the mind. But since, monks, there is gratification in the mind, therefore beings are enamored of the mind. If, monks, there were no danger in the mind, then beings would not be disenchanted with the mind. But since, monks, there is danger in the mind,