English
He was a fellow villager of yours, he was your former friend. ‘‘I know these seven bhikkhus, who are liberated; Whose lust and hatred are destroyed, who have crossed over attachment in the world.’’ ‘‘It was indeed so then, as you, Bhaggava, speak; He was formerly a potter, in Vekaḷiṅga, a pot-maker; He supported my parents, a lay follower of Kassapa. ‘‘Abstaining from sexual acts, a celibate, pure; He was a fellow villager of mine, he was my former friend.’’ ‘‘Thus was the meeting of old friends; Of two who had developed themselves, who bore their final bodies.’’ The Chapter on Burning is the fifth. Its summary: Burning, what giver, food, one root, incomparable; A nymph, a forest, a victor, by stinginess, a potter. 6. The Chapter on Old Age 1. The Discourse on Old Age 51. ‘‘What is good until old age, what is well established; What is a jewel for humans, what cannot be stolen by thieves?’’ ‘‘Virtue is good until old age, faith is well established; Wisdom is a jewel for humans, merit cannot be stolen by thieves.’’ 2. The Discourse on Imperishable 52. ‘‘What is good imperishable, what is well resolved; What is a jewel for humans, what cannot be carried off by thieves?’’ ‘‘Virtue is good imperishable, faith is well resolved; Wisdom is a jewel for humans, merit cannot be carried off by thieves.’’ 3. The Discourse on a Friend 53. ‘‘What is a friend to one traveling, what is a friend in one’s own home; What is a friend when a purpose arises, what is a friend for the future?’’ ‘‘A caravan is a friend to one traveling, a mother is a friend in one’s own home; A companion is a friend when a purpose arises, again and again; Merits made by oneself, that is a friend for the future.’’ 4. The Discourse on a Basis 54. What is the property of humans, what here is the highest friend? What do beings live upon, those creatures dwelling on earth? Sons are the property of humans, and a wife is the highest friend; Beings live upon rain, those creatures dwelling on earth. What gives birth to a person, what of him runs about? What has entered transmigration, what is his great fear? Craving gives birth to a person, his mind runs about; A being has entered transmigration, suffering is his great fear. What gives birth to a person, what of him runs about? What has entered transmigration, from what is he not freed? Craving gives birth to a person, his mind runs about; A being has entered transmigration, from suffering he is not freed. What gives birth to a person, what of him runs about? What has entered transmigration, what is his final resort? Craving gives birth to a person, his mind runs about; A being has entered transmigration, kamma is his final resort. What is called the wrong path, what is the passing of days and nights? What is the defilement of the holy life, what is the bath without water? Lust is called the wrong path, decay is the passing of days and nights; A woman is the defilement of the holy life, in this, this generation is entangled; Austerity and the holy life, that is the bath without water. What is a second for a person, what governs him? And in what delighting, a mortal, is freed from all suffering? Faith is a second for a person, wisdom governs him; A mortal delighting in Nibbāna, is freed from all suffering. What is the origin of verses, what is their expression? On what do verses depend, what is the support of verses? . Desire is the source of verses, letters are their expression; Verses are based on names, the poet is the abode of verses. The Sixth Chapter on Old Age. Its summary – Old age, ageless, friend, matter, three people, the wrong path, and the second, the chapter is filled by the poet. 7. The Chapter on the Path 1. The Discourse on Name What has pervaded all? Than what is there nothing more? Under the sway of what one thing have all come? Name has pervaded all, than name there is nothing more; Under the sway of name, that one thing, have all come. 2. The Discourse on Mind By what is the world led? By what is it dragged around? Under the sway of what one thing have all come? By mind is the world led, by mind is it dragged around; Under the sway of mind, that one thing, have all come. 3. The Discourse on Craving By what is the world led? By what is it dragged around? Under the sway of what one thing have all come? By craving is the world led, by craving is it dragged around; Under the sway of craving, that one thing, have all come. 4. The Discourse on Fetter By what is the world fettered? What is its investigation? By the abandoning of what is Nibbāna said to be? The world is fettered by delight, investigation is of thought; By the abandoning of craving is Nibbāna said to be. 5. The Discourse on Bondage By what is the world bound? What is its investigation? By the abandoning of what are all bonds cut? The world is bound by delight, investigation is of thought; By the abandoning of craving are all bonds cut. 6. The Discourse on Struck Down By what is the world struck down? By what is it surrounded? By what dart is it pierced? By what is it always smoldering? By death is the world struck down, by old age is it surrounded; By the dart of craving is it pierced, by desire is it always smoldering. is given. 7. The Discourse on Being Beset 67. “By what is the world beset? By what is it surrounded? By what is the world concealed? In what is the world established?” “By craving is the world beset, By old age is it surrounded; By death is the world concealed, In suffering is the world established.” 8. The Discourse on Being Concealed 68. “By what is the world concealed? In what is the world established? By what is the world beset? By what is it surrounded?” “By death is the world concealed, In suffering is the world established; By craving is the world beset, By old age is it surrounded.” 9. The Discourse on Desire 69. “By what is the world bound? By the removal of what is it freed? By the abandoning of what, Does one cut all bonds?” “By desire is the world bound, By the removal of desire is it freed; By the abandoning of desire, One cuts all bonds.” 10. The Discourse on the World 70. “From what has the world arisen? With what does it make acquaintance? Grasping what is the world? In what is the world afflicted?” “From the six has the world arisen, With the six does it make acquaintance; Grasping the six, In the six is the world afflicted.” The Seventh Chapter, The Way. Summary of this chapter – Name, mind, and craving, Bondage and bonds; Beset, concealed, Desire, and the world – these are ten. 8. The Chapter on Cutting 1. The Discourse on Cutting 71. At Sāvatthī. Standing to one side, that deity addressed the Blessed One with a verse: “Having cut what does one sleep happily? Having cut what does one not grieve? The slaying of what single thing, Do you approve, Gotama?” “Having cut anger one sleeps happily, Having cut anger one does not grieve; Of anger, whose root is poison, Whose tip is sweet, O deity; The noble ones praise its slaying, For having cut it, one does not grieve.” 2. The Discourse on the Chariot 72. “What is the chariot’s distinguishing mark? What is the fire’s distinguishing mark? What is the kingdom’s distinguishing mark? What is the woman’s distinguishing mark?” “The banner is the chariot’s distinguishing mark, We are the wisdom of the path; A king is the wisdom of the realm, a husband is the wisdom of a woman. 3. Discourse on Wealth 73. What here is the best wealth for a person? What well-practiced brings happiness? What indeed is sweeter than flavors? What kind of life do they call the best? Faith here is the best wealth for a person; Dhamma well-practiced brings happiness; Truth indeed is sweeter than flavors; a life of wisdom do they call the best. 4. Discourse on Rain 74. What is best among those that rise? What is excellent among those that fall? What among those that wander forth? What is excellent among those that speak? Seed is best among those that rise; rain is excellent among those that fall; cattle among those that wander forth; a son is excellent among those that speak. Knowledge is best among those that rise; ignorance is excellent among those that fall; the Saṅgha among those that wander forth; the Buddha is excellent among those that speak. 5. Discourse on Fear 75. Why here are many people fearful? And the path is taught in many ways; I ask you, Gotama, of vast wisdom, established in what does one not fear the next world? Having rightly directed speech and mind, not doing evil with the body; living in a house with much food and drink, faithful, gentle, sharing, and eloquent; established in these four qualities, established in Dhamma, one does not fear the next world. 6. Discourse on Not Aging 76. What ages, what does not age? What is called a wrong path? What is an obstacle to the Dhamma? What is the passing of nights and days? What is the stain of the holy life? What is a bath without water? How many holes are there in the world, where wealth does not remain? Having come to ask the Blessed One, how may we know that? Form ages for mortals; name and lineage do not age; Lust is called a wrong path. Greed is an obstacle to the Dhamma; decay is the passing of nights and days; Woman is the stain of the holy life; here people become attached; Austerity and the holy life, that is the ba Knowledge and mind-water. Six holes in the world, where wealth does not stay; Laziness and heedlessness, inactivity, lack of restraint; Sleep and sloth, these are the holes, completely avoid them. 7. Discourse on Sovereignty 77. What is sovereignty in the world? What is the best of goods? What is the defilement of a weapon in the world? What is a tumor in the world? Who do they prevent from taking? But who is dear when taking? Who, coming again and again, do the wise rejoice in? Control is sovereignty in the world, a woman is the best of goods;