English
And also, monks, the Tathāgata, in a former birth, a former existence, a former dwelling, being a human being in the past, was of a nature not to harm beings, whether with his hand, or with a clod, or with a stick, or with a weapon. He, by the doing and accumulation of that kamma… having passed away from there and come to this state of being, obtains this mark of a Great Man: he becomes one who has the foremost of tastes, his taste-carrying ducts are prominent and arise from his neck. that which conveys the essence. “He, endowed with that mark, if he dwells in a house, becomes a Wheel-turning Monarch… What does a king, being a king, obtain? He is free from illness, free from affliction, endowed with a balanced digestive faculty, neither too cold nor too hot. A king, being a king, obtains this… What does a Buddha, being a Buddha, obtain? He is free from illness, free from affliction, endowed with a balanced digestive faculty, neither too cold nor too hot, moderate and fit for exertion. A Buddha, being a Buddha, obtains this.” The Blessed One spoke this meaning. 227. Therein it is said: “Not with a hand-stick, nor with a clod, Nor with a weapon, nor with a fatal blow; For tormenting or for threatening, He did not harm, he was not a harmer of people. “Therefore, having attained a good destination, he rejoices, Having done deeds that bear pleasant fruit, he experiences happiness; His digestive faculty, well-established, Having come here, he obtains the best of essences. “Therefore, the very skillful and discerning ones say of him, ‘This man will be abundant in happiness; Whether of a householder or of a renunciant, That mark is indicative of that result.’” (21-22) Marks of Deep Blue Eyes and Eyelashes Like a Cow 228. “And furthermore, bhikkhus, in a former birth, a former existence, a former dwelling, the Tathāgata, having been a human being before, did not look askance, nor obliquely, nor did he look around inquisitively; he looked straight and directly, with a straight mind, he looked upon many people with a loving eye. Due to the performance of that action… Having passed away from there, having come to this state of being, he obtains these two marks of a Great Man: He has deep blue eyes and eyelashes like a cow. “He, endowed with those marks, if he dwells in a house, becomes a Wheel-turning Monarch… What does a king, being a king, obtain? He is pleasant to behold, He is dear to many people, he is pleasing to brahmins and householders, to townspeople and countryfolk, to accountants and high officials, to soldiers, to doorkeepers, to ministers, to councilors, to kings, to those who enjoy wealth, to princes. A king, he obtains this... ...what does a Buddha obtain? He is pleasing to many people, he is dear and pleasing to monks, to nuns, to male lay followers, to female lay followers, to devas, to humans, to asuras, to nāgas, to gandhabbas. A Buddha, he obtains this." This is what the Blessed One said. 229. Therein it is said: Neither scattered nor confused, nor is it a scrutinizing gaze; Straightforward and direct, with a straightforward mind, he looks upon many people with a pleasing eye. In good destinations, he experiences the fruit and result, there he rejoices; And here, he has eyelashes like a cow, with deep blue eyes, pleasant to behold. And those who are diligent and skillful, many who are experts in signs, men skilled in subtle features, designate him as "Pleasing to behold." Pleasing to behold, even if he is a householder, he is beloved by many people; And if he is not a householder, he is an ascetic, dear to many, a dispeller of sorrow. (23) The Sign of the Head-Turban 230. "Furthermore, bhikkhus, in a former birth, a former existence, a former dwelling, the Tathāgata, having formerly been a human being, was a leader of many people in wholesome qualities, a foremost one among many people in good bodily conduct, good verbal conduct, good mental conduct, in sharing gifts, in undertaking precepts, in observing Uposatha vows, in respect for mother, in respect for father, in respect for ascetics, in respect for brahmins, in honoring elders in the family, and in various other higher wholesome qualities. Having performed that action... ...having passed away from there, having come to this state of being, he obtains this great man's mark: he has a head like a turban. Endowed with that mark, if he dwells in a home, he becomes a Wheel-turning Monarch... ...a king, what does he obtain? What? A great multitude follows him: brahmins and householders, townspeople and country folk, accountants and high officials, soldiers, doorkeepers, ministers, courtiers, tributary kings, princes. A king, being so, obtains this... A Buddha, being so, what does he obtain? A great multitude follows him: monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, devas, humans, asuras, nāgas, gandhabbas. A Buddha, being so, obtains this. The Blessed One spoke this meaning. 231. Therein it is said: He was a leader in good conduct, Delighting in righteous living in the Dhamma; A great multitude followed him, He experienced the fruit of merit in the heavens. Having known the fruit of good conduct, He attained here the state of having a prominent head; Those who bear the marks and signs declared, He will be a leader of many people. Among humans here, those who enjoy (his benefits), They bring offerings to him even before then; If he becomes a khattiya, a lord of the earth, He obtains offerings from many people. But if that man goes forth, He becomes skilled and wise in the Dhamma; Delighting in the virtues of his instruction, A great multitude follows him. (24-25) The marks of single hairs and the hair between the eyebrows 232. Monks, in a former birth, a former existence, a former dwelling, when the Tathagata was formerly a human being, he abandoned false speech, abstained from false speech, was a speaker of truth, firm in truth, reliable, trustworthy, not deceiving the world. Having performed and accumulated that action... having passed away from there and come to this state, he obtains these two marks of a Great Man. He has single hairs, and a hair-tuft grown between his eyebrows, white and soft like cotton. Endowed with those marks, if he lives the household life, he becomes a Wheel-turning King... A king, being so, what does he obtain? A great multitude attends upon him: brahmins and householders, townspeople and country folk, accountants and high officials, soldiers, doorkeepers, ministers, courtiers, tributary kings, princes. A king, being so, obtains this... A Buddha, being so... What does he gain? A great multitude turns to him: Monks, nuns, Male lay followers, female lay followers, Devas, humans, Asuras, nāgas, gandhabbas. Being a Buddha, he gains this. The Blessed One spoke this meaning. 233. Therein it is said: Truthful in promise in former births, With unwavering speech, he avoided falsehood; He would not deceive anyone, He spoke what was real, true, and actual. White, very bright, like soft cotton, A well-formed tuft of hair was between his eyebrows; In the pores of his skin, two did not arise, He had a body adorned with one hair per pore. Many who knew the marks, having gathered, Declared, skilled in omens of arising: "As the tuft of hair and the body hairs are well-arranged, Such a multitude turns to him." Even being a householder, a multitude turns to him, Much by deeds done in the past; To the one without possessions, gone forth, unsurpassed, Even being a Buddha, a multitude turns to him. (26-27) The marks of forty teeth and unseparated teeth. 234. "Furthermore, monks, in a former birth, a former existence, a former dwelling, the Tathāgata, having been a human being, abandoned divisive speech and abstained from divisive speech. Having heard here, he did not report it there to cause a split among these; or having heard there, he did not report it here to cause a split among those. Thus, he was a uniter of those who were divided, an encourager of those who were united, delighting in unity, rejoicing in unity, enjoying unity, speaking words that promote unity. Having performed that action… (rest omitted)… having passed away from there and come to this state, he obtains these two marks of a Great Man: He has forty teeth and unseparated teeth. Endowed with these marks, if he dwells in a home, he becomes a Wheel-turning Monarch… (rest omitted)… Being a king, what does he gain? He has an unbreakable assembly; his assembly is unbreakable: Brahmins and householders, townspeople and country folk, accountants and chief ministers, soldiers, doorkeepers, ministers, courtiers, tributary kings, and princes. A king, being such, obtains this… A Buddha, being such, what does he obtain? He has an unbreakable assembly, unbreakable are his assemblies: monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, gods, humans, asuras, nāgas, gandhabbas. A Buddha, being such, obtains this.” The Blessed One spoke this meaning. 235. Therein it is said: “One who causes division, who causes discord and strife, who causes quarrels and improper acts, who generates division among the united, such speech he did not utter. “He uttered pleasant speech that fosters harmony, that generates reconciliation among the divided; he dispelled the quarrel of people, being harmonious, he rejoices and delights with the united. “In good destinations, he experiences the fruit and result, there he delights; his teeth here are even and united, the four times ten from his mouth are well-arranged. “If he becomes a king, a lord of the earth, his assembly is unbreakable; and if he is a recluse, stainless and pure, his assembly is devoted and unwavering.” (28-29) The Marks of an Abundant Tongue and a Brahma-Voice 236. “Furthermore, monks, in a former birth, a former existence, a former abode, when the Tathāgata was formerly a human being, he abandoned harsh speech, he refrained from harsh speech.