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bhikkhu, that is… this bhikkhu is intended in this context. Knows, means he knows himself, or others inform him, or he informs others. Thus ruined, means ruined in this way. Novice, means a sāmaṇera is called. Should entice, means he entices him, saying: “I will give you his bowl or robe or instruction or questioning.” An offense of pācittiya. Should attend, means he accepts from him powder or clay or a tooth-stick or water for the mouth. An offense of pācittiya. Should partake, means partaking is of two kinds: partaking of requisites and partaking of Dhamma. Partaking of requisites, means he gives or receives requisites. An offense of pācittiya. Partaking of Dhamma, means he teaches or causes to be taught, or teaches by a phrase or causes to be taught by a phrase, for each phrase, an offense of pācittiya. Or teaches by a letter or causes to be taught by a letter, for each letter, an offense of pācittiya. Should sleep together, means when the ruined novice is lying down in a single covered place, a bhikkhu lies down. An offense of pācittiya. When the bhikkhu is lying down, the ruined novice lies down… lies down, an offense of expiation. Or both lie down, an offense of expiation. Having risen, they lie down again and again, an offense of expiation. 431. In one who is expelled, perceiving him as expelled, either serves, or attends, or eats together, or arranges a common sleeping place, an offense of expiation. In one who is expelled, being in doubt, either serves, or attends, or eats together, or arranges a common sleeping place, an offense of wrong-doing. In one who is expelled, perceiving him as not expelled, either serves, or attends, or eats together, or arranges a common sleeping place, no offense. In one who is not expelled, perceiving him as expelled, an offense of wrong-doing. In one who is not expelled, being in doubt, an offense of wrong-doing. In one who is not expelled, perceiving him as not expelled, no offense. 432. No offense if he knows he is not expelled, if he knows that view has been relinquished, for one who is insane, for the first offender. The training rule concerning the thorn is finished, the tenth. The chapter on living beings, the seventh. Its summary: Intentional killing of living beings, reviling, concealing a serious offense; less than twenty, a weapon, arrangement, Ariṭṭha; the expelled, and the thorn, these are the ten training rules. 8. The Chapter on Righteous Conduct 1. The Training Rule on Righteous Conduct 433. At that time, the Buddha, the Blessed One, was dwelling in Kosambī, at Ghosita's Park. Now at that time, Venerable Channa was behaving improperly. The bhikkhus said this: "Friend Channa, do not do such a thing. This is not proper." He said this: "Friends, I will not train in this training rule until I have questioned another bhikkhu who is skilled and knowledgeable in the Vinaya." Those bhikkhus who were of few desires... complained, grumbled, and criticized: "How can Venerable Channa, when spoken to by the bhikkhus in accordance with the Dhamma, say this: 'Friends, I will not train in this training rule until I have questioned another bhikkhu who is skilled and knowledgeable in the Vinaya'?"... "Is it true, Channa, that when spoken to by the bhikkhus in accordance with the Dhamma, you say this:" "I will not train, friend, in this training rule until I have questioned another bhikkhu who is skilled and an expert in the Vinaya." "It is true, Blessed One." The Buddha, the Blessed One, rebuked him... "How can you, foolish man, when being spoken to by bhikkhus in accordance with the Dhamma, say this: 'I will not train, friend, in this training rule until I have questioned another bhikkhu who is skilled and an expert in the Vinaya'? This, foolish man, is not for the conversion of the unconverted... Therefore, bhikkhus, you should recite this training rule thus: 434. "Should any bhikkhu, when being spoken to by bhikkhus in accordance with the Dhamma, say this: 'I will not train, friend, in this training rule until I have questioned another bhikkhu who is skilled and an expert in the Vinaya,' it is a pācittiya. A bhikkhu who is training, bhikkhus, should know, should question, should inquire. This is the proper course here." 435. "Any" means whoever, whatever kind... "bhikkhu" means... this bhikkhu is intended in this context. "By bhikkhus" means by other bhikkhus. "In accordance with the Dhamma" means a training rule laid down by the Blessed One; this is called "in accordance with the Dhamma." Being spoken to by them, he says this: "I will not train, friend, in this training rule until I have questioned another bhikkhu who is skilled and an expert in the Vinaya." He says, "I will question a wise, skilled, intelligent, learned, Dhamma-speaker," he incurs an offense of pācittiya. 436. If he says this to an ordained bhikkhu, perceiving him as ordained, he incurs an offense of pācittiya. If he says this to an ordained bhikkhu, being in doubt, he incurs an offense of pācittiya. If he says this to an ordained bhikkhu, perceiving him as unordained, he incurs an offense of pācittiya. When being spoken to about what is not laid down: "This is not for purification, not for austerity, not for graciousness, not for reduction, not for the arousal of energy..." declares, "This does not lead to effacement, nor to the ascetic practice, nor to pleasantness, nor to reduction, nor to the arousal of energy." If he says, "I will not train in this rule, friend, until I question another monk who is skilled, a master of the Vinaya, wise, intelligent, learned, a Dhamma speaker," he incurs an offense of dukkata. If, when spoken to by an unordained person, whether known or unknown, he says, "This does not lead to effacement, nor to the ascetic practice, nor to pleasantness, nor to reduction, nor to the arousal of energy," and then says, "I will not train in this rule, friend, until I question another monk who is skilled, a master of the Vinaya, wise, intelligent, learned, a Dhamma speaker," he incurs an offense of dukkata. If he perceives an unordained person as ordained, he incurs an offense of dukkata. If he is in doubt about an unordained person, he incurs an offense of dukkata. If he perceives an unordained person as unordained, he incurs an offense of dukkata. "By one in training" means by one who wishes to train. "To be known" means to be understood. "To be questioned" means "How is this, venerable sir? Or what is the meaning of this?" "To be pondered" means to be considered, to be weighed. "This is the proper course there" means this is the conformity to the Dhamma there. 437. There is no offense if he says, "I will know, I will train." For one who is insane, for one who is the first wrongdoer. The training rule concerning a fellow Dhamma-follower is finished, the first. 2. The Training Rule Concerning Reviling 438. At that time the Buddha, the Blessed One, was staying in Savatthi, in Anathapindika's monastery in Jeta's Grove. [This story is in Culavagga 320.] At that time, the Blessed One, in various ways, spoke on the Vinaya, praised the Vinaya, praised the study of the Vinaya, and repeatedly praised the Venerable Upali. The monks thought, "The Blessed One, in various ways, speaks on the Vinaya, praises the Vinaya, praises the study of the Vinaya, and repeatedly praises the Venerable Upali. Come, “Friends, we learn the Vinaya from the venerable Upāli.” And many monks, elder, young, and middle, learned the Vinaya from the venerable Upāli. Then it occurred to the group-of-six monks: “Now, friends, many monks, elder, young, and middle, are learning the Vinaya from the venerable Upāli. If these become skilled in the Vinaya, they will drag us, pull us, as they wish, when they wish, as much as they wish. Come, friends, let us disparage the Vinaya.” Then the group-of-six monks approached the monks and said this: “What is the use of these minor and lesser training rules being recited? They lead only to scruple, to annoyance, to vexation!” Those monks of few desires… they complained, grumbled, and criticized: “How can the group-of-six monks disparage the Vinaya?”… “Is it true, monks, that you disparage the Vinaya?” “It is true, Blessed One.” The Buddha, the Blessed One, reproved them… “How can you, foolish men, disparage the Vinaya! This, foolish men, is not for the conviction of the unconvicted… And thus, monks, you should recite this training rule: 439. “Should any monk, when the Pātimokkha is being recited, say this: ‘What is the use of these minor and lesser training rules being recited? They lead only to scruple, to annoyance, to vexation!’— a pācittiya for disparaging a training rule.” 440. “Any monk” means whoever, of whatever kind… “Monk” means… this monk is intended in this context. “When the Pātimokkha is being recited” means when reciting, or causing to be recited, or chanting. “Say this” means “What is the use of these minor and lesser training rules being recited? They lead only to scruple, to annoyance, to vexation!” “Those who learn this have scruple, There is trouble, there is reproach. For those who do not learn this, there is no remorse, no trouble, no reproach. "This is an unrecited excellent thing, this is an unlearned excellent thing, this is an unmastered excellent thing, this is an unremembered excellent thing, or let the Discipline disappear, or let these bhikkhus be ungrateful!" If he disparages the Discipline to an ordained bhikkhu, there is an offense of pācittiya. 441. To an ordained bhikkhu, perceiving him as ordained, he disparages the Discipline: an offense of pācittiya. To an ordained bhikkhu, being in doubt, he disparages the Discipline: an offense of pācittiya. To an ordained bhikkhu, perceiving him as unordained, he disparages the Discipline: an offense of pācittiya. He disparages another teaching: an offense of dukkaṭa. To an unordained person, he disparages the Discipline or another teaching: an offense of dukkaṭa.