English
A passage for editorial review. -mmm THE HARVARD ORIENTAL SERIES VOLUME TEN HARVARD ORIENTAL SERIES EDITED WITH TIIE COOPERATION OF VARIOUS SCHOLARS BY CHARLES ROCKWELL LANMAN WALKS PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT IN' HARVARD UNIVERSITY Volume Cett CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS lUublisfjrti 1)|) |i)arbaiti Stnibcvsitj) 1906 A VEDIC CONCORDANCE BEING AN ALPHABETIC INDEX TO EVERY LINE OF EVERY STANZA OF THE PUBLISHED VEDIC LITERATURE AND TO THE LITURGICAL FORMULAS THEREOF, THAT IS AN INDEX TO THE VEDIC MANTRAS, TOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR VARIATIONS IN THE DIFFERENT VEDIC BOOKS BY MAURICE BLOOMFIELD PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY IX THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE I CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS tijj IRatbarti Clmbcrsttj) 1906 Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Boston and New York Chicago and San Francisco London ... Leipzig . Publication Agent of Harvard University. Ginn and Company. Ginn and Company. Ginn and Company, 9 St. Martin's Street, Leicester Square. Otto IIarrassowitz, Querstrasse , 14. For the titles and descriptions and prices of the volumes of this Series, see the List at the end of this volume, pages 1079-1080. PRINTED FROM TYPE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD, ENGLAND BY HORACE HART, M.A. PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY First Edition , 1906, One Thousand Copies CONTENTS Preface pages General plan of the Concordance The Concordance is part of a larger scheme ............ v ii Conditions of the problem which the Concordance involves ......... vii Primary nses of the Concordance 1. It is a comprehensive index of all mantras ............ v iJ 2. It registers the variants of mantras not wholly identical ......... vii Secondary nses of the Concordance 1. It is a key to the liturgical employment of the mantras ......... viii 2. It is virtually a finding-index of rites and practices .......... viii 3. It is a tool for future editors of Yedic texts . . . . . . . . . . . .viii 4. It is a repertory of the most archaic Hindu prose . . . . . . . . . . .viii 5. Miscellaneous uses (Yedic schools : grammar: mythology : etc.) ........ viii Scope of the Concordance 1. Certain published texts not included.. ix 2. Unpublished texts included .............. General statement of the number and kind of works included.. ix The Concordance rarely reports variants registered in the critical apparatus of a given edited text . . x Orthographic details reported or neglected.. x Occasional suggestions of emendation ............. x Future work complementary to the Concordance The working-up of material of texts yet unedited ........... x The elaboration of a reverse concordance ........... . x Acknowledgment of obligations To the University Press of Oxford .............. xi To pupils and colleagues ............... xi Explanations Introductory to the Use of the Concordance General scope of these explanations Bibliography of the works cited and abbreviations of their titles ........ xiii Methods used in reporting the variants ............. xiii General remarks on the character of the variants No hard and fast line between truly variant and vaguely similar passages ...... xiii True variants. Ulia-padas ............... xiii Variants in padas other than the first ............. xiii Essential similarity with wide divergence of wording .......... xiii Cases of partial correspondence : At the beginning ; at the end ; in the middle ..... xiv Methods used in reporting the variants 1. Variants for which the alphabetic order does not require more than one entry . . . . .xiv 2. Variants involving more than one alphabetic entry .......... xv Use of cross-references introduced by See . .... ....... xv Use of cross-references introduced by Sec under ........... xv Use of cross-references introduced by Compare ( Cf ) . . xv Bibliography of the works cited, with abbreviations of their titles Classified bibliography of the works cited in the Concordance ........ xv Abbreviations 1. Alphabetic list of abbreviations of the titles of the cited texts ........ xxi 2 . List of a few other abbreviations nsed in the Concordance . xxii Yedic Concordance Alphabetic list of Vedic mantras with citations and variants . 1-1076 Additions and corrections .............. 1077-1078 PREFACE GENERAL PLAN OF THE CONCORDANCE The Concordance is part of a larger scheme.— The plan of this work dates back to the year 1892, when two separate announcements of it were pub¬ lished—the one in the Proceedings of the American Oriented Society (for April, 1892, Journal , volume xv, page clxxiii), and the other in the Johns Hopkins University Circulars (for June, 1892, volume xi, number 99). At that time, as the reader of either of these announcements will see, I sketched the plan of a three-fold apparatus designed to facilitate and deepen the study of the Vedas : one part of it was a universal word-index to the Vedas ; another was an index of subjects and ideas ; and the third, which I promised to undertake myself, was a Vedic Con¬ cordance. As commonly happens in such cases, the fulfilment of the last-named part of the plan cost much more time and labor than was expected. With correspondingly greater satisfaction I now present the result to those of the Hindu people who look upon the Vedas as their sacred books, and to all scholars in this field of Indian antiquities. That result is, an alphabetic index to every line (or pad a) of every stanza (or rc) of the published Vedic literature and to every liturgical formula thereof ( yajus , prdisa, and so on), that is, an Index to the Vedic Mantras. Conditions of the problem which the Concordance involves. —The Vedic mantras represent parts of a mass of traditional material which was more exten¬ sive even than that which has come down to us,— material current in the various schools of Vedic learning, preserved from generation to generation by memory, and handed down from teacher to pupil by word of mouth. I have, for my part, little doubt that this oral tradition was supported at a compara¬ tively early time—when we cannot say—by written tradition (see AV. xix. 72). As a natural consequence of the fallibility of both oral and written tradition, what was originally and essentially one and the same stanza or formula was handed down in the texts of the various schools in more or less varying forms. The variants are often of the same general character as those which appear in the various forms of ballads, or in recensions of church hymns: there are simple differences in the order of the words; differences due to the substitution of a more familiar, handy, or modern word or grammatical form for an archaic, inconvenient, or obsolescent one of equivalent meaning or function. To this must be added the very important point that there are also many cases in which a given mantra passage, composed under certain definite circumstances, was later on adapted and changed to serve a new purpose. Furthermore, Vedic literary production is often in a high degree imitative and mechanical. The poets or priests, more or less consciously, fell into habits of expression such that entire lines of different stanzas or hymns, and considerable sequences of words of different prose passages, show much similarity. This ranges from complete identity to a likeness which is sometimes so vague or fleeting as hardly to be recognizable, save to the practised eye of the expert Vedic student. PRIMARY USES OF THE CONCORDANCE 1 . It is a comprehensive index of all mantras. Thanks to the editors of a considerable number of Vedic texts, wo have, for each of the various Sam- hitas, and for some Brahman as, Sutras, etc., an index of first lines of each stanza. These indexes are of course scattered over divers volumes ; and they do not take cognizance of lines other than the first. Moreover, these indexes do not as a rule register such prose-formulas as the texts may happen to contain: they simply register the pratikas of the metrical stanzas. The advantage of having, as in the present work, one comprehensive index, which shall include every line of every stanza, as well as every prose formula, in one single alphabetic arrangement and in one single volume, will, I am certain, be prized by every student of the Veda. 2 . It registers the variants of mantras not wholly identical. -Mantras which occur only a single time, or appear in a wholly identical form in two or more texts, require no comment after they have been properly arranged in an alphabetical index. Again, mantras which are not wholly identical, but are alike in their beginnings, will also fall into the same [Preface SECONDARY USES OF THE CONCORDANCE viii or nearly the same place in a direct alphabetic ar¬ rangement. It is obvious that the places of occurrence of a given mantra of this kind may be advantageously grouped together, with a statement of the various readings of the different texts. The method used for this purpose is explained below, at page xiv b . Once more, if the forms of the mantra in question differ at the beginning, then—obviously again—they will occupy places in the alphabetic arrangement more or less widely apart, and it will be necessary to connect them by some system of cross-references. This also is explained below, at page xv. To sura up, the Concordance affords, primarily, an easy and ready means of ascertaining the following things: First, where a given mantra occurs, if it occur but once ; second, whether it occurs elsewhere, either with or without variants, and in what places; and third, if it occur with variants, what those variants are.